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GSM-R, Global System for Mobile Communications – Railway or GSM-Railway is an international wireless communications standard for railway communication and applications. A sub-system of European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS), it is used for communication between train and railway regulation control centers.
A high C/I ratio yields quality communication. A good C/I ratio is achieved in cellular systems by using optimum power levels through the power control of most links. When carrier power is too high, excessive interference is created, degrading the C/I ratio for other traffic and reducing the traffic capacity of the radio subsystem.
In EDGE, a single RLC data block (ranging from 23 to 148 bytes of data) is transmitted over four frames, using a single time slot. On average, this requires 20 ms for one way transmission. Under the RTTI scheme, one data block is transmitted over two frames in two timeslots, reducing the latency of the air interface to 10 ms.
Mobile Station Diagram. A mobile station (MS) [1] [2] comprises all user equipment and software needed for communication with a mobile network. The term refers to the global system connected to the mobile network, i.e. a mobile phone or mobile computer connected using a mobile broadband adapter. This is the terminology of 2G systems like GSM.
Intuitively, the reason lies in the fact that where OFDM transmit symbols directly modulate multiple sub-carriers, SC-FDMA transmit symbols are first processed by an N-point DFT block. [9] In OFDM, as well as SC-FDMA, equalization is achieved on the receiver side, after the DFT calculation, by multiplying each Fourier coefficient by a complex ...
Mobile architecture allows maintaining this connection whilst during transit. [1] Each day the number of mobile devices is increasing, mobile architecture is the pieces of technology needed to create a rich, connected user experience. Currently, there is a lack of uniform interoperability plans and implementation.
A reliability block diagram (RBD) is a diagrammatic method for showing how component reliability contributes to the success or failure of a redundant system. RBD is also known as a dependence diagram (DD). A reliability block diagram. An RBD is drawn as a series of blocks connected in parallel or series configuration. Parallel blocks indicate ...
Roaming is one of the fundamental mobility management procedures of all cellular networks.Roaming is defined [2] as the ability for a cellular customer to automatically make and receive voice calls, send and receive data, or access other services, including home data services, when travelling outside the geographical coverage area of the home network, by means of using a visited network.