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In the interwar period, chess was revolutionized by the new theoretical school of so-called hypermodernists like Aron Nimzowitsch and Richard Réti. They advocated controlling the center of the board with distant pieces rather than with pawns, thus inviting opponents to occupy the center with pawns, which become objects of attack. [103]
The earliest precursor of modern chess is a game called chaturanga, which flourished in India by the 6th century, and is the earliest known game to have two essential features found in all later chess variations—different pieces having different powers (which was not the case with checkers and Go), and victory depending on the fate of one ...
Samuel Loyd (January 30, 1841 – April 10, 1911 [1]) was an American chess player, chess composer, puzzle author, and recreational mathematician. Loyd was born in Philadelphia but raised in New York City. As a chess composer, he authored a number of chess problems, often with interesting themes.
1904 – British Chess Federation (BCF) is established. 1905 – British national championship for women starts. 1907 – Lasker – Marshall World Championship match in several US cities. 1910 – José Raúl Capablanca (Cuba) is the first to win a major tournament (in New York) with a 100% score.
Murray's companion work was A History of Board-Games other than ChessISBN 0-19-827401-7. He also wrote a new history of the game from its beginnings until 1866, called A Short History of Chess. This was found among the papers left behind at his death in 1955, and was published, with contributions by B. Goulding Brown and Harry Golombek, in 1963.
William James Joseph Lombardy (December 4, 1937 – October 13, 2017) [3] was an American chess grandmaster, chess writer, teacher, and former Catholic priest.He was one of the leading American chess players during the 1950s and 1960s, and a contemporary of Bobby Fischer, whom he seconded during the World Chess Championship 1972.
Iranian shatranj set, glazed fritware, 12th century Nishapur (New York Metropolitan Museum of Art) During the reign of the later Sassanid king Khosrau I (531–579), a gift from an Indian king (possibly a Maukhari Dynasty king of Kannauj) [8] included a chess game with sixteen pieces of emerald and sixteen of ruby (green vs. red). [5]
A play, The Automaton Chess Player, was presented in New York City in 1845. The advertising, as well as an article that appeared in The Illustrated London News , claimed that the play featured Kempelen's Turk, but it was in fact a copy of the Turk created by J. Walker, who had earlier presented the Walker Chess-player.