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In mathematics, a transformation, transform, or self-map [1] is a function f, usually with some geometrical underpinning, that maps a set X to itself, i.e. f: X → X. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Examples include linear transformations of vector spaces and geometric transformations , which include projective transformations , affine transformations , and ...
In Euclidean geometry, a rotation is an example of an isometry, a transformation that moves points without changing the distances between them. Rotations are distinguished from other isometries by two additional properties: they leave (at least) one point fixed, and they leave " handedness " unchanged.
A reflection about a line or plane that does not go through the origin is not a linear transformation — it is an affine transformation — as a 4×4 affine transformation matrix, it can be expressed as follows (assuming the normal is a unit vector): [′ ′ ′] = [] [] where = for some point on the plane, or equivalently, + + + =.
In mathematics, a rotation of axes in two dimensions is a mapping from an xy-Cartesian coordinate system to an x′y′-Cartesian coordinate system in which the origin is kept fixed and the x′ and y′ axes are obtained by rotating the x and y axes counterclockwise through an angle .
Projective transformations are represented by 4 × 4 matrices. They are not rotation matrices, but a transformation that represents a Euclidean rotation has a 3 × 3 rotation matrix in the upper left corner. The main disadvantage of matrices is that they are more expensive to calculate and do calculations with.
Gradient of the 2D function f(x, y) = xe −(x 2 + y 2) is plotted as arrows over the pseudocolor plot of the function.. Consider a room where the temperature is given by a scalar field, T, so at each point (x, y, z) the temperature is T(x, y, z), independent of time.
Polynomial transformations have been applied to the simplification of polynomial equations for solution, where possible, by radicals. Descartes introduced the transformation of a polynomial of degree d which eliminates the term of degree d − 1 by a translation of the roots. Such a polynomial is termed depressed. This already suffices to solve ...
Affine transformation (Euclidean geometry) Bäcklund transform; Bilinear transform; Box–Muller transform; Burrows–Wheeler transform (data compression) Chirplet transform; Distance transform; Fractal transform; Gelfand transform; Hadamard transform; Hough transform (digital image processing) Inverse scattering transform; Legendre ...