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It is one of the largest digenean families, with 25 genera containing hundreds of described species. [2] Bucephalids are cosmopolitan , having been recorded all over the world. They are parasites of fish from freshwater , marine , and brackish water habitat types.
The genus Anisakis was defined in 1845 [2] by Félix Dujardin as a subgenus of the genus Ascaris Linnaeus, 1758.Dujardin did not make explicit the etymology, but stated that the subgenus included the species in which the males have unequal spicules ("mâles ayant des spicules inégaux"); thus, the name Anisakis is based on anis-(Greek prefix for different) and akis (Greek for spine or spicule).
Pacific sea nettles, Chrysaora fuscescens. Cnidaria (/ n ɪ ˈ d ɛər i ə, n aɪ-/ nih-DAIR-ee-ə, NY-) [4] is a phylum under kingdom Animalia containing over 11,000 species [5] of aquatic invertebrates found both in fresh water and marine environments (predominantly the latter), including jellyfish, hydroids, sea anemones, corals and some of the smallest marine parasites.
Polypodium was long considered a unique intracellular parasite among cnidarians. [6] [7] Its hosts include 14 species of Acipenser, 2 species of Huso, Polyodon spathula [6] and Scaphirhynchus platorynchus. [2] Polypodium hydriforme is an endocellular parasite with an unusual life cycle, a peculiar morphology, and high rates of DNA evolution.
Only one species is found in the genus which also gave name to the family. The name literally translates as "the fish louse with many children". The parasite can infect most freshwater fish species and, in contrast to many other parasites, shows low host specificity.
Within five minutes, a sac of germ cells called a sporoplasm has entered the fish epidermis, and within a few hours, the sporoplasm splits into individual cells that will spread through the fish. Within the fish, both intracellular and extracellular stages reproduce in its cartilage by asexual endogeny , meaning new cells grow from within old ...
It is among the largest of copepods, ranging in size from 2 to 3 millimetres (3 ⁄ 32 to 1 ⁄ 8 inch) when it matures as a copepodid larva to more than 40 mm (1 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) as a sessile adult. Lernaeocera branchialis is ectoparasitic , which means it is a parasite that lives primarily on the surface of its hosts.
The second antennae and oral appendages are modified to assist in holding the parasite on the fish. The second pair of antennae is also used by males to grasp the female during copulation. [ 18 ] The adult females are always significantly larger than males and develop a very large genital complex, which in many species makes up the majority of ...