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The genus Anisakis was defined in 1845 [2] by Félix Dujardin as a subgenus of the genus Ascaris Linnaeus, 1758.Dujardin did not make explicit the etymology, but stated that the subgenus included the species in which the males have unequal spicules ("mâles ayant des spicules inégaux"); thus, the name Anisakis is based on anis-(Greek prefix for different) and akis (Greek for spine or spicule).
It is one of the largest digenean families, with 25 genera containing hundreds of described species. [2] Bucephalids are cosmopolitan , having been recorded all over the world. They are parasites of fish from freshwater , marine , and brackish water habitat types.
Giant isopods have been recorded in the West Atlantic from the US state of Georgia to Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean. [1] The four known Atlantic species are B. obtusus, B. miyarei, B. maxeyorum, and B. giganteus, and the last of these is the only species recorded off the United States.
Isopod fish parasites are mostly external and feed on blood. The larvae of the Gnathiidae family and adult cymothoidids have piercing and sucking mouthparts and clawed limbs adapted for clinging onto their hosts. [20] [21] Cymothoa exigua is a parasite of various marine fish. It causes the tongue of the fish to atrophy and takes its place in ...
The parasite severs the blood vessels in the fish's tongue, causing the tongue to fall off. It then attaches itself to the remaining stub of tongue and the parasite itself effectively serves as the fish's new "tongue". [2] Many species of Cymothoa have been identified, [3] and only cymothoid isopods are known to consume and replace the host's ...
Myxobolus cerebralis is a myxosporean parasite of salmonids (salmon and trout species) that causes whirling disease in farmed salmon and trout and also in wild fish populations. It was first described in rainbow trout in Germany in 1893, but its range has spread and it has appeared in most of Europe (including Russia), the United States, South ...
A few studies indicated no long-term damage to fish stocks in some locations, [37] and a population decline in wild salmon that occurred in 2002 was caused by "something other than sea lice". [38] However, the repeated epizootics of lice on wild fish have only occurred in areas with salmon farms in Ireland, Britain (Scotland), Norway, Canada ...
The parasite can infect most freshwater fish species and, in contrast to many other parasites, shows low host specificity. It penetrates gill epithelia, skin and fins of the fish host and resides as a feeding stage (the trophont) inside the epidermis .