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The genus Mandragora was first used in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in the first edition of Species Plantarum where the Mediterranean species Mandragora officinarum was described, [5] [6] which is thus the type species of the genus. [7] (Linnaeus later changed his mind and in 1759 placed M. officinarum in the genus Atropa as A. mandragora. [8])
Mandragora officinarum is the type species of the plant genus Mandragora in the nightshade family Solanaceae. [2] It is often known as mandrake , although this name is also used for other plants. As of 2015 [update] , sources differed significantly in the species they use for Mandragora plants native to the Mediterranean region .
Mandragora tibetica, described in 1970, and Mandragora chinghaiensis, described in 1978, are also, as of April 2015, not considered to be sufficiently differentiated from M. caulescens, [3] [2] although the Flora of China says that "further study may lead to separation of independent taxa from the single species recognized here." [2]
In 1753, in the first edition of Species Plantarum, Carl Linnaeus described a single species, Mandragora officinarum, for plants found around the Mediterranean. [8] [9] Jackson and Berry (1979) [10] and Ungricht et al. (1998) [4] have documented the subsequent confusion over the number of Mediterranean species of Mandragora and their scientific names.
The gulf measures 1,075 feet in length and is about 350 feet wide. The walls range from 25 feet on the northwest side to about 95 feet on the southwest side.
Mandragora turcomanica is a perennial herbaceous plant with a thick, often branched tap-root.It has little or no stem, the leaves being arranged in a basal rosette. The lowest leaves are up to 90 cm (3 ft) long by 60 cm (2 ft) across (less in Iranian specimens), the upper leaves being smaller.
A mandrake is the root of a plant, historically derived either from plants of the genus Mandragora (in the family Solanaceae) found in the Mediterranean region, or from other species, such as Bryonia alba (the English mandrake, in the family Cucurbitaceae) or the American mandrake (Podophyllum peltatum in the family Berberidaceae) which have similar properties.
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