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[9] [11] [12] [13] The crosslinking mechanism of the hydrophilic macromolecules are driven by covalent bonding, resulting in a physical- or chemical-type hydrogel. Physical hydrogels contain reversible matrices of hydrogen and non-covalent bonds, while chemical hydrogels are composed of irreversible matrices that are molecularly held together ...
Crosslinking is the process of joining two or more polymer chains. Both chemical and physical crosslinking exists. In addition, both natural polymers such as proteins or synthetic polymers with a high affinity for water may be used as starting materials when selecting a hydrogel. [1]
Chemical hydrogels have covalent cross-linking bonds, whereas physical ... covalent cross-linking bonds, such as hydrogels of ... therapy or brachytherapy. [80] ...
However, two critical steps typically included in each method are polymerization and crosslinking, with physical and chemical crosslinking the most common. [4] These steps can be completed concomitantly or in sequential order depending on the synthesis method and eventual nanogel application. [ 4 ]
Similar to physical solidification, some chemical crosslinking methods have been developed to produce hydrogel fibers. And the key for the achievement of hydrogel production through the chemical crosslinking method is the effective separation between the formed network and the tube wall.
In polymer chemistry "cross-linking" usually refers to the use of cross-links to promote a change in the polymers' physical properties. When "crosslinking" is used in the biological field, it refers to the use of a probe to link proteins together to check for protein–protein interactions , as well as other creative cross-linking methodologies.
Kopeček’s graduate research focused on the kinetics of crosslinking polymerization of hydrophilic esters of methacrylic acid and structural characterization of ensuing hydrogels. This was followed by the investigation of the relationship between the chemical and physical structure of hydrogels and their biocompatibility.
Applications of pH-responsive drug delivery systems include the synthesis of pH-responsive polymers into carriers like hydrogels, micelles, and micro- and nanovesicles. [ 3 ] pH-responsive polymers can be selected for certain applications based on characteristics like the drug concentration, number of ionizable groups, and the type of carrier ...