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  2. Offline root certificate authority - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offline_Root_Certificate...

    An offline root certificate authority is a certificate authority (as defined in the X.509 standard and RFC 5280) which has been isolated from network access, and is often kept in a powered-down state. In a public key infrastructure, the chain of trusted authorities begins with the root certificate authority (root CA).

  3. Root certificate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_certificate

    A root certificate is the top-most certificate of the tree, the private key which is used to "sign" other certificates. All certificates signed by the root certificate, with the "CA" field set to true, inherit the trustworthiness of the root certificate—a signature by a root certificate is somewhat analogous to "notarizing" identity in the ...

  4. Lightweight Portable Security - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightweight_Portable_Security

    Lightweight Portable Security (LPS) or Trusted End Node Security (TENS) was a Linux LiveCD (or LiveUSB) distribution. The application Encryption Wizard , originally bundled with TENS is still actively maintained.

  5. Let's Encrypt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let's_Encrypt

    The root certificate was used to sign two intermediate certificates, [44] which are also cross-signed by the certificate authority IdenTrust. [ 7 ] [ 45 ] One of the intermediate certificates is used to sign issued certificates, while the other is kept offline as a backup in case of problems with the first intermediate certificate. [ 44 ]

  6. Certificate authority - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_authority

    A root CA certificate may be the base to issue multiple intermediate CA certificates with varying validation requirements. In addition to commercial CAs, some non-profits issue publicly-trusted digital certificates without charge, for example Let's Encrypt.

  7. Chain of trust - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_of_trust

    The roles of root certificate, intermediate certificate and end-entity certificate as in the chain of trust. In computer security, a chain of trust is established by validating each component of hardware and software from the end entity up to the root certificate. It is intended to ensure that only trusted software and hardware can be used ...

  8. Trust anchor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trust_anchor

    In cryptographic systems with hierarchical structure, a trust anchor is an authoritative entity for which trust is assumed and not derived. [1]In the X.509 architecture, a root certificate would be the trust anchor from which the whole chain of trust is derived.

  9. Trusted operating system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trusted_operating_system

    Examples of operating systems that might be certifiable are: FreeBSD with the TrustedBSD extensions [7] SELinux (see FAQ) Companies that have created trusted operating systems include: Addamax (BSD, SVR3, SVR4, HP/UX) Argus Systems Group (Solaris, AIX, Linux) AT&T (System V) BAE Systems (XTS Unix) Bull (AIX) Data General (DG/UX)