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A septal hematoma is blood that collects in the space between the septal cartilage and the overlying perichondrium (a cross section of the cartilaginous portion of the nasal septum). A hematoma may deprive the septal cartilage of its blood supply from the overlying mucosa and can lead to permanent sequelae. [3]
Kiesselbach's plexus is an anastomotic arterial network (plexus) of four or five arteries in the nose supplying the nasal septum. It lies in the anterior inferior part of the septum known as Little's area, Kiesselbach's area, or Kiesselbach's triangle. It is a common site for anterior nosebleeds.
The posterior septal artery supplies blood to the respiratory region of the nasal septum, which consists of the lower two-thirds of the nasal septum and most of the nasal floor. [1] The path of the posterior septal artery can be understood by splitting it into three different segments.
The nasal septum divides the cavity into two cavities, [1] also known as fossae. [2] Each cavity is the continuation of one of the two nostrils. The nasal cavity is the uppermost part of the respiratory system and provides the nasal passage for inhaled air from the nostrils to the nasopharynx and rest of the respiratory tract.
Here it bifurcates into a medial and lateral branch. The lateral branch supplies blood to the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and the medial branch to the nasal septum. A terminal branch of the lateral branch, called the external nasal branch passes between the nasal bone and the nasal cartilage to supply the skin of the nose. [citation needed]
Once emerging from the greater palatine foramen, it changes names to the greater palatine artery and begins to supply the hard palate. [1] As it terminates it travels through the incisive canal to anastomose with the sphenopalatine artery to supply the nasal septum .
The blood supply to the nose is provided by branches of the ophthalmic, maxillary, and facial arteries – branches of the carotid arteries. Branches of these arteries anastomose to form plexuses in and under the nasal mucosa. [3] In the septal region Kiesselbach's plexus is a common site of nosebleeds.
It supplies the ala and dorsum of the nose, anastomosing with its fellow, with the septal and alar branches, with the dorsal nasal branch of the ophthalmic artery, and with the infraorbital branch of the internal maxillary. If the posterior lateral nasal artery is superficial in the nasal wall, a laceration may occur during an aggressive curettage.