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image - Picture of the vacuum tube; caption - Caption for the picture; classification - Mandatory Field exampled include: cold cathode regulator, diode dual diode, triode, dissimilar triode, tetrode, beam tetrode, pentode etc. service - Common application of the tube examples include, Class A amplifier, AF modulator, RF amplifier
The earliest vacuum tubes evolved from incandescent light bulbs, containing a filament sealed in an evacuated glass envelope. When hot, the filament in a vacuum tube (a cathode) releases electrons into the vacuum, a process called thermionic emission. This can produce a controllable unidirectional current though the vacuum known as the Edison ...
Materials for use in vacuum are materials that show very low rates of outgassing in vacuum and, where applicable, are tolerant to bake-out temperatures. The requirements grow increasingly stringent with the desired degree of vacuum to be achieved in the vacuum chamber. The materials can produce gas by several mechanisms.
Vacuum tubes which had special qualities of some sort, very often long-life designs, particularly for computer and telecommunications use, had the numeric part of the designation placed immediately after the first letter. They were usually special-quality versions of standard types.
The transmitting tubes TT21 and TT22 have almost identical transfer characteristics to KT88 but a different pinout, and by virtue of their anode being connected to the top cap have a higher plate voltage rating (1.25 kilovolt) and a higher power output capability of 200 watts in class AB1 push–pull.
It belongs to a large family of dual-triode vacuum tubes which share the same pinout (RETMA 9A). 12AU7 is also known in Europe under its Mullard–Philips tube designation ECC82 . [ 1 ] There are many equivalent tubes with different names, some identical, some designed for ruggedness, long life, or other characteristics; examples are the US ...
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Wherever possible, the 12V equivalent of a 6V tube had the same letters, just 12 instead of 6. L as a first letter often indicates a lock-in (Loktal) tube. P as a second letter from the end indicates a CRT. S as a first letter indicates single-ended tubes, related to grid-cap tubes. S as a second letter indicates single-ended tubes.