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Renovascular hypertension is a condition in which high blood pressure is caused by the kidneys' hormonal response to narrowing of the arteries supplying the kidneys. [1] When functioning properly this hormonal axis regulates blood pressure.
Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is the narrowing of one or both of the renal arteries, most often caused by atherosclerosis or fibromuscular dysplasia.This narrowing of the renal artery can impede blood flow to the target kidney, resulting in renovascular hypertension – a secondary type of high blood pressure.
On gross pathology, nephrosclerosis manifests as a fine granular surface. [4]"Hypertensive" refers to high blood pressure and "nephropathy" means damage to the kidney; hence this condition is where chronic high blood pressure causes damages to kidney tissue; this includes the small blood vessels, glomeruli, kidney tubules and interstitial tissues.
More than 7.2 million Canadians live with high blood pressure.
Physical symptoms implicated with kidney ischemia includes kidney shrinkage or a difference in kidney sizes, renovascular hypertension, acute renal failure, progressive azotemia, diagnosed by an increase of nitrogen compounds in urine, and acute pulmonary edema which is excess fluid in the lungs. This diagram is drawn using BioRender.com
Symptoms may include headaches, insomnia, fatigue, and chest or abdominal pain. FMD affecting the arteries of the head and neck is commonly recognized as a cause of childhood strokes. [7] In children, renovascular disease accounts for approximately 10% of all causes of secondary hypertension. [8]
Hematuria (one of the symptoms of Nephritic syndrome. Historically, nephritic syndrome has been characterized by blood in the urine (), high blood pressure (hypertension), decreased urine output <400 ml/day (), red blood cell casts, pyuria, and mild to moderate proteinuria.
Secondary hypertension is hypertension due to an identifiable cause, and may result in certain specific additional signs and symptoms. For example, as well as causing high blood pressure, Cushing's syndrome frequently causes truncal obesity , [ 24 ] glucose intolerance , moon face , a hump of fat behind the neck and shoulders (referred to as a ...