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The range and the maximum height of the projectile do not depend upon its mass. Hence range and maximum height are equal for all bodies that are thrown with the same velocity and direction. The horizontal range d of the projectile is the horizontal distance it has traveled when it returns to its initial height ( y = 0 {\textstyle y=0} ).
v is the velocity at which the projectile is launched; g is the gravitational acceleration—usually taken to be 9.81 m/s 2 (32 f/s 2) near the Earth's surface; θ is the angle at which the projectile is launched; y 0 is the initial height of the projectile
Projectile path values are determined by both the sight height, or the distance of the line of sight above the bore centerline, and the range at which the sights are zeroed, which in turn determines the elevation angle. A projectile following a ballistic trajectory has both forward and vertical motion.
Maximum Height (): this is the maximum height attained by the projectile OR the maximum displacement on the vertical axis (y-axis) covered by the projectile. It is given as H = U 2 sin 2 θ / 2 g {\displaystyle H=U^{2}\sin ^{2}\theta /2g} .
Maximum height can be calculated by absolute value of in standard form of parabola. It is given as H = | c | = u 2 2 g {\displaystyle H=|c|={\frac {u^{2}}{2g}}} Range ( R {\displaystyle R} ) of the projectile can be calculated by the value of latus rectum of the parabola given shooting to the same level.
To find the angle giving the maximum height for a given speed calculate the derivative of the maximum height = / with respect to , that is = / which is zero when = / =. So the maximum height H m a x = v 2 2 g {\displaystyle H_{\mathrm {max} }={v^{2} \over 2g}} is obtained when the projectile is fired straight up.
A ballistic pendulum is a device for measuring a bullet's momentum, from which it is possible to calculate the velocity and kinetic energy. Ballistic pendulums have been largely rendered obsolete by modern chronographs , which allow direct measurement of the projectile velocity.
Other large-caliber projectiles use bomblets (sub-munitions), which are released by the carrier projectile at a required height or time above their target. For US artillery ammunition, these projectiles are called Dual-Purpose Improved Conventional Munition (DPICM), a 155 mm M864 DPICM projectile for example contains a total of 72 shaped-charge ...