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Minor transient adverse effects are rare and most commonly include stomach pain and diarrhea. [13] [24] A 2020 study reported that concerns had emerged that chronic citicoline use may have adverse psychiatric effects, however, the study's meta-analysis of the relevant literature did not support this hypothesis.
Common side effects include low blood pressure, increased saliva production, muscle pain, and rash. [7] Serious side effects include malignant hyperthermia, hyperkalemia and allergic reactions. [8] [9] It is not recommended in people who are at risk of high blood potassium or a history of myopathy. [6] Use during pregnancy appears to be safe ...
An adverse drug reaction (ADR) is a harmful, unintended result caused by taking medication. [ 1 ] : 1.1 Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) [ 2 ] ADRs may occur following a single dose or prolonged administration of a drug or may result from the combination of two or more drugs.
Generalized bullous fixed drug eruption (GBFDE) most commonly refers to a drug reaction in the erythema multiforme group. [3]: 129 These are uncommon reactions to medications, with an incidence of 0.4 to 1.2 per million person-years for toxic epidermal necrolysis and 1.2 to 6.0 per million person-years for Stevens–Johnson syndrome.
This kind of adverse drug reaction is caused by the accumulation of toxic metabolites; it is not the result of an IgE-mediated reaction. The risk of first-degree relatives developing the same hypersensitivity reaction is higher than in the general population. [1]
A 2013 meta-analysis of eight studies demonstrated that cytisine has similar effectiveness to varenicline but with substantially lower side effects. [13] A 2014 systematic review and economic evaluation concluded that cytisine was more likely to be cost-effective for smoking cessation than varenicline .
Hypersensitivity reactions are idiosyncratic reactions to a drug. [1] Although the term NSAID was introduced to signal a comparatively low risk of adverse effects, [2] NSAIDs do evoke a broad range of hypersensitivity syndromes. These syndromes have recently been classified by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Task Force ...
The disorder is classified in the group of severe cutaneous adverse reactions (i.e. SCARs). The SCARs group of disorders includes four other drug-induced skin reactions: drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS syndrome), Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and Stevens–Johnson/toxic ...