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Bromus comes from a Greek word for a type of oat, and tectorum comes from tector which means overlaying and tectum which means roof. [2] Bromus tectorum is a winter annual grass native to Eurasia usually germinating in autumn, overwintering as a seedling, then flowering in the spring or early summer. [9]
It has been shown that while some native desert plant species have seeds with self-burial mechanisms that can establish readily in crusted areas, many exotic invasive plants do not. Therefore, the presence of biological soil crusts may slow the establishment of invasive plant species such as cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum). [21]
Bromus is a large genus of grasses, classified in its own tribe Bromeae. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] They are commonly known as bromes , brome grasses , cheat grasses or chess grasses . Estimates in the scientific literature of the number of species have ranged from 100 to 400, but plant taxonomists currently recognize around 160–170 species.
The two main annual grasses that are causes much of the problems are: Bromus tectorum or cheatgrass and Agropyron cristatum or chested wheatgrass. [4] Both species enter areas that have been recently disturbed and rapidly expand into their surroundings through massive growth and seed production.
The plant species in this ecosystem are highly diverse, yet the majority of these species are obligate seeders, that is, a fire will cause germination of the seeds and the plants will begin a new life-cycle because of it. These plants may have coevolved into obligate seeders as a response to fire and nutrient-poor soils. [43]
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Bromus japonicus is an annual or biennial tufted grass growing 0.2–1 m (7.9 in – 3 ft 3.4 in) high. The culms are erect or ascending. The sheaths of the grass are pubescent, though upper sheaths are occasionally glabrous.
The Crassulaceae (/ ˈ k r æ s j uː l eɪ s iː ˌ iː,-s i ˌ aɪ /, from Latin crassus, thick), also known as the stonecrop family or the orpine family, are a diverse family of dicotyledon flowering plants characterized by succulent leaves and a form of photosynthesis, known as Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM).