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Merleau-Ponty attempts to define phenomenology, which according to him has not yet received a proper definition.He asserts that phenomenology contains a series of apparent contradictions, which include the fact that it attempts to create a philosophy that would be a rigorous science while also offering an account of space, time and the world as people experience them.
Convergent sources from close friends (Beauvoir, Elisabeth "Zaza" Lacoin) seem to leave little doubt that Jacques Heller was a pseudonym of the 20-year-old Merleau-Ponty. [9] Merleau-Ponty taught first at the Lycée de Beauvais (1931–33) and then got a fellowship to do research from the Caisse nationale de la recherche scientifique .
Merleau-Ponty, inspired by Heidegger's notion of ‘being-in-the world’ from “Being and Time”, [14] sought to situate the experience of ‘being-in-the-world’ as the root of human perception and the source of objectivity. According to Merleau-Ponty, there are no objects prior to human perception of them.
Modern scholarship also recognizes the existence of the following varieties: late Heidegger's transcendental hermeneutic phenomenology, [55] Maurice Merleau-Ponty's embodied phenomenology, [56] [57] [58] Michel Henry's material phenomenology, [59] Alva Noë's analytic phenomenology, [60] [61] and J. L. Austin's linguistic phenomenology.
According to Husserl, perception has three temporal aspects, retention, the immediate present, and protention and a flow through which each moment of protention becomes the retention of the next. [1] Maurice Merleau-Ponty describes the temporal phenomenology of perception in the Phenomenology of Perception as follows:
In 1999, Renaud Barbaras built his philosophy in confrontation with the aporias of the philosophy of the late Merleau-Ponty, the philosopher he worked on for his PhD. His doctoral thesis, subtitled "an introduction to a phenomenology of perception" is in homage to Merleau-Ponty.
Usually, these situations are of personal significance; examples might include a major life event, or the development of an important relationship. IPA has its theoretical origins in phenomenology and hermeneutics, and many of its key ideas are inspired by the work of Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger, and Maurice Merleau-Ponty. [1]
Phenomenological description has found widespread application within psychology and the cognitive sciences. For example, Maurice Merleau-Ponty is the first well known phenomenologist to openly mingle the results of empirical research with phenomenologically descriptive research.