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Anxiety and somatic symptom disorders and symptoms are commonly reported. [1] Muscle stiffness may also be present; if muscle weakness is not also present, and cramps are more severe, the stiffness may be categorized instead as cramp fasciculation syndrome. [3]
Chronic anxiety is often associated with dysesthesia due to extreme stress. [2] Patients with this anxiety may experience numbness or tingling in the face. In one study, those patients that were examined psychologically had symptoms of anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, or somatic symptom disorder. [3]
Somatosensory amplification (SSA) is a tendency to perceive normal somatic and visceral sensations as being relatively intense, disturbing and noxious. It is a common feature of hypochondriasis and is commonly found with fibromyalgia, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, autism spectrum disorder, and alexithymia.
Somatization is the generation of somatic symptoms due to psychological distress, often coinciding with a tendency to seek medical help for them. [1] [2] The term somatization was introduced by Wilhelm Stekel in 1924. [3] Somatization is a worldwide phenomenon, [4] with chronic cases being classified as somatic symptom disorder. [5]
The current version of the DSM (DSM-5) lists somatic symptom disorder (SSD) under the heading of "somatic symptom and related disorders", and illness anxiety disorder (IAD) under both this heading and as an anxiety disorder. [25] The ICD-10, like the third and fourth versions of the DSM, lists hypochondriasis as a somatoform disorder. [26]
Somatic symptom disorder is frequently associated with functional pain syndromes like fibromyalgia and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). [11] Somatic symptom disorder typically leads to poor functioning, interpersonal issues, unemployment or problems at work, and financial strain as a result of excessive healthcare visits.
Chronic pain. Somatic exercises for anxiety and trauma. Research on somatic exercise as a treatment for trauma and anxiety is limited, and more is warranted to determine its potential.
In general, ICD-10 is more inclusive than DSM-5, so estimates regarding prevalence and lifetime risk tend to be greater using ICD-10. [9] In regard to prevalence, in a given year, about two (2%) percent of adults in the United States [21] and Europe have been suggested to have GAD.