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For example, some figures had miraculous or virgin births, were sons of supreme gods, were born on December 25, had stars point to their birthplaces, were visited by shepherds and magi as infants, fled from death as children, exhibited traits of divinity in childhood, spent time in the desert, traveled as they taught, had disciples, performed ...
In AD 362, the emperor Julian wrote in his Hymn to King Helios that the Agon Solis was held in late December, between the end of the Saturnalia and the New Year. [54] Julian says it is dedicated to Helios and the "Invincible Sun". [55] Most scholars therefore date the festival to December 25 and associate it with the Natalis Solis Invicti. [56]
[81] 25 December was the date of the winter solstice in the Roman calendar. [77] The Calendar of Antiochus of Athens, c. 2nd century AD, marks 25 December as the "birthday of the Sun". [82] The following century, from AD 274, the Roman festival Dies Natalis Solis Invicti (birthday of Sol Invictus, the 'Invincible Sun') was held on 25 December. [77]
The Bible never states when Jesus was born, [161] [162] [163] but, by late antiquity, Christians had begun celebrating his birth on 25 December. [162] In 274 AD, the Roman emperor Aurelian had declared 25 December the birthdate of Sol Invictus, a sun god of Syrian origin whose cult had been vigorously promoted by the earlier emperor Elagabalus.
Mithras stock epithet is Sol Invictus, "invincible sun".However, Mithras is distinct from both deities known as Sol Invictus, and they are separate entities on Mithraic statuary and artwork such as the tauroctony, hunting scenes, and banquet scenes, in which Mithras dines with Sol. [10] Other scenes feature Mithras ascending behind Sol in the latter's chariot, the deities shaking hands and the ...
According to one hypothesis about Christmas, the date was set to 25 December because it was the date of the festival of Sol Invictus. The idea became popular especially in the 18th [119] [120] and 19th centuries. [121] [122] The Philocalian calendar of AD 354 marks a festival of Natalis Invicti on 25 December. There is limited evidence that the ...
Helios is the son of Hyperion and Theia, [24] [25] [26] or Euryphaessa, [27] or Basileia, [28] and the only brother of the goddesses Eos and Selene. If the order of mention of the three siblings is meant to be taken as their birth order, then out of the four authors that give him and his sisters a birth order, two make him the oldest child, one ...
This is an index of lists of deities of the different religions, cultures and mythologies of the world. List of deities by classification; Lists of deities by cultural sphere; List of fictional deities; List of goddesses; List of people who have been considered deities; see also Apotheosis, Imperial cult and Sacred king