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A quark (/ k w ɔːr k, k w ɑːr k /) is a type of elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter. Quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons, the most stable of which are protons and neutrons, the components of atomic nuclei. [1] All commonly observable matter is composed of up quarks, down quarks and electrons.
Several tetraquark candidates have been reported by particle physics experiments in the 21st century. The quark contents of these states are almost all q q Q Q, where q represents a light (up, down or strange) quark, Q represents a heavy (charm or bottom) quark, and antiquarks are denoted with an overline.
For instance a pentaquark made of two up quarks, one down quark, one charm quark, and one charm antiquark would be denoted uudc c. The quarks are bound together by the strong force, which acts in such a way as to cancel the colour charges within the particle. In a meson, this means a quark is partnered with an antiquark with an opposite colour ...
Team17 Group plc (being renamed to Everplay Group plc in February 2025) is a British holding company based in Wakefield, England.The company is made up of several video game developers and publishers (including its former namesake Team17), and mostly focuses its attention on the Indie game market.
The discovery was announced on 12 June 2007. It was the first known particle made of quarks from all three quark generations – namely, a down quark, a strange quark, and a bottom quark. The DØ and CDF collaborations reported the consistent masses of the new state. The Particle Data Group world average mass is 5.7924 ± 0.0030 GeV/c 2.
Charmed baryons composed of one charm quark and two up, one up and one down, or two down quarks are known as charmed Lambdas (Λ c, isospin 0), or charmed Sigmas (Σ c, isospin 1). Charmed baryons of isospin composed of one charm quark, and one up or down quark are known as charmed Xis (Ξ c) and all have isospin 1 / 2 .
One model of a pentaquark: q is a quark and q an antiquark; gluons (wavy lines) mediate strong interactions between quarks; red, green, and blue color charges must each be present, while the remaining quark and antiquark must share a color and its anticolor, in this example blue and antiblue (shown as yellow).
In particle physics, the quark model is a classification scheme for hadrons in terms of their valence quarks—the quarks and antiquarks that give rise to the quantum numbers of the hadrons. The quark model underlies "flavor SU(3)" , or the Eightfold Way , the successful classification scheme organizing the large number of lighter hadrons that ...