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The Shanghai massacre of 12 April 1927, the April 12 Purge or the April 12 Incident as it is commonly known in China, was the violent suppression of Chinese Communist Party (CCP) organizations and leftist elements in Shanghai by forces supporting General Chiang Kai-shek and conservative factions in the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party or KMT).
Furthermore, mostly women worked in these textile factories. [1] Between the early to mid 20th century, an increased number of refugees and migrants came to Shanghai to flee violence and Japanese control. This resulted in competition within the workforce and led to many people being unemployed, especially women.
It began when the Shanghai Municipal Police opened fire on Chinese protesters in Shanghai's International Settlement on 30 May 1925 (the Shanghai massacre of 1925). The shootings sparked international censure and nationwide anti-foreign demonstrations and riots [ 1 ] such as the Hands Off China protests in the United Kingdom.
During a general strike on March 22, 1927, Chen Duxiu and Zhou Enlai [3] would lead a group of 5,000 armed workers in the city's third armed uprising. [1] After seizing the city by 6pm, they, along with soviets organized by strikers, established the Shanghai Provisional Municipal Government along the lines of the Paris Commune. [4]
By the evening, meetings and special committees were held at various campuses in Shanghai, and telegrams were sent to the Beijing government in the name of the 33 representatives of different campuses in Shanghai to express their protest. Over the next few days, the movement grew in size. Students in Shanghai began striking at the end of May.
In Chinese literature it is known as the January 28 incident (simplified Chinese: 一·二八事变; traditional Chinese: 一·二八事變; pinyin: Yī Èrbā Shìbiàn), while in Western sources it is often called the Shanghai War of 1932 or the Shanghai incident.
Women-led uprisings are mass protests that are initiated by women as an act of resistance or rebellion in defiance of an established government. A protest is a statement or action taken part to express disapproval of or object an authority, most commonly led in order to influence public opinion or government policy .
Wang established the Shanghai Commoners' (Pingmin) Girls' School in 1922, [7] (which attracted Ding Ling, Qian Xijun, Wang Jianhong, and Wang Yizhi). She was the editor of Women's Voice (Funü Sheng; 妇女声), a bimonthly periodical; which pioneered writings on politics by women. She also strongly supported the movement for birth control in ...