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  2. Pictet's experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pictet's_experiment

    Tyndall's illustration of the experiment. Pictet's experiment is the demonstration of the reflection of heat and the apparent reflection of cold in a series of experiments [1] performed in 1790 (reported in English in 1791 in An Essay on Fire [2]) by Marc-Auguste Pictet—ten years before the discovery of infrared heating of the Earth by the Sun. [3] The apparatus for most of the experiments ...

  3. Reflection (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflection_(physics)

    Reflection of light is either specular (mirror-like) or diffuse (retaining the energy, but losing the image) depending on the nature of the interface.In specular reflection the phase of the reflected waves depends on the choice of the origin of coordinates, but the relative phase between s and p (TE and TM) polarizations is fixed by the properties of the media and of the interface between them.

  4. Fresnel equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_equations

    The plane of incidence is defined by the incoming radiation's propagation vector and the normal vector of the surface. There are two sets of Fresnel coefficients for two different linear polarization components of the incident wave.

  5. Polarization (waves) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization_(waves)

    Polarization is an important parameter in areas of science dealing with transverse waves, such as optics, seismology, radio, and microwaves. Especially impacted are technologies such as lasers, wireless and optical fiber telecommunications, and radar.

  6. Total internal reflection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_internal_reflection

    Fig. 1: Underwater plants in a fish tank, and their inverted images (top) formed by total internal reflection in the water–air surface. In physics, total internal reflection (TIR) is the phenomenon in which waves arriving at the interface (boundary) from one medium to another (e.g., from water to air) are not refracted into the second ("external") medium, but completely reflected back into ...

  7. Foucault's measurements of the speed of light - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foucault's_measurements_of...

    The experiment was proposed by Arago, who wrote, Two radiating points placed one near the other and on the same vertical, shine instantly in front of a rotating mirror. The rays from the upper point reach this mirror only by passing through a tube filled with water; the rays of the second point reach the reflective surface having encountered in ...

  8. Specular reflection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specular_reflection

    Specular reflection, or regular reflection, is the mirror-like reflection of waves, such as light, from a surface. [ 1 ] The law of reflection states that a reflected ray of light emerges from the reflecting surface at the same angle to the surface normal as the incident ray, but on the opposing side of the surface normal in the plane formed by ...

  9. Magneto-optic Kerr effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magneto-optic_Kerr_effect

    When the magnetization vector is perpendicular to the reflection surface and parallel to the plane of incidence, the effect is called the polar Kerr effect.To simplify the analysis, and because the other two configurations have vanishing Kerr rotation at normal incidence, near normal incidence is usually employed when doing experiments in the polar geometry.