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The 100-ton gun (also known as the Armstrong 100-ton gun) [6] was a british coastal defense gun and is the world's largest black powder cannon. It was a 17.72-inch (450 mm) rifled muzzle-loading (RML) gun made by Elswick Ordnance Company, the armaments division of the British manufacturing company Armstrong Whitworth, owned by William Armstrong.
Gunpowder ("black powder") was the primary propellant before the invention of smokeless powder during the late 19th century. Cannons vary in gauge, effective range, mobility, rate of fire, angle of fire and firepower; different forms of cannon combine and balance these attributes in varying degrees, depending on their intended use on the ...
The use of this black powder ammunition may have contributed to the early model's reliability problems due to fouling. In 1919 a revised McClean Mk. In 1919 a revised McClean Mk. IV gun using smokeless powder was proposed as an anti-aircraft gun on a modified HA/LA field carriage but by that time the war had ended and there were no customers.
The cannon shot (c. 1680), painted by Willem van de Velde the Younger Essential parts of a cannon: 1. the projectile or cannonball (shot) 2. gunpowder 3. touch hole (or vent) in which the fuse or other ignition device is inserted Firing of an 18-pounder aboard a French ship. Firing a naval cannon required a great amount of labour and manpower.
A muzzle-loaded cannon: 1) projectile (shot), 2) powder charge, 3) vent The official weight of the shot was listed at 68 lbs but in reality this varied according to the material of the shot itself; cast iron shot weighed 67 lb (30 kg), wrought iron shot and steel shot weighed 72 lb (33 kg), and chilled steel weighed 68 lb 8 oz (31.1 kg). [ 11 ]
The shot was carried on a specially designed iron barrow or two-man litter and, in the era of black-powder cannon charges contained in cloth bags, occasioned much fanfare and notice as it was conveyed to the cannon muzzle as the red-hot projectile would easily ignite any carelessly handled loose powder.
12.24 black-powder propellant: Caliber: 17.5mm (.69 inch) musket ball: Action: Flintlock/percussion lock (conversion) Rate of fire: User dependent; usually 2 to 3 rounds a minute: Muzzle velocity: Variable 420 m/s (1,400 ft/s) Effective firing range: Variable (50–100 yards) Feed system: Muzzle-loaded: Sights: A front sight cast into the upper ...
The normal method of firing was to use a burning torch or slow match to ignite a saucisson (French for "sausage", a cloth or leather tube waterproofed with pitch and filled with black powder) leading to the main charge. This had numerous disadvantages; the firer was obvious to the attacking enemy, and had to run to get clear after lighting the ...