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The brachial plexus is a network of nerves (nerve plexus) formed by the anterior rami of the lower four cervical nerves and first thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1).This plexus extends from the spinal cord, through the cervicoaxillary canal in the neck, over the first rib, and into the armpit, it supplies afferent and efferent nerve fibers to the chest, shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand.
The accessory nerve, also known as the eleventh cranial nerve, cranial nerve XI, or simply CN XI, is a cranial nerve that supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. It is classified as the eleventh of twelve pairs of cranial nerves because part of it was formerly believed to originate in the brain.
The nerve point of the neck, also known as Erb's point, [1] is a site at the upper trunk of the brachial plexus located 2–3 cm above the clavicle. It is named for Wilhelm Heinrich Erb . [ 2 ] Taken together, there are six types of nerves that meet at this point.
The subclavian nerve may issue a branch called the accessory phrenic nerve [3] [2] which innervates the diaphragm. [3] The accessory phrenic nerve may rather branch from the C4 or C6 segments or ansa cervicalis. [4] This nerve usually joins with the phrenic nerve before innervating the diaphragm, ventral to the subclavian vein. [5]
A) Nerves and plexuses: Spinal accessory nerve (Cranial Nerve XI) Branches of cervical plexus; Roots and trunks of brachial plexus; Phrenic nerve (C3,4,5) B) Vessels: Subclavian artery (Third part) Transverse cervical artery; Suprascapular artery; Terminal part of external jugular vein; C) Lymph nodes: Occipital; Supraclavicular; D) Muscles:
In addition, an accessory phrenic nerve is commonly identified, present in up to 75% of a cadaveric study. [3] In canines, the phrenic nerve arises from C5-C7 with occasional small contributions from C4. [4] In the cat, horse, ox, and small ruminant the phrenic nerve arises variably from C4-C7.
The suprascapular nerve is a mixed (sensory and motor) nerve that branches from the upper trunk of the brachial plexus. It is derived from the ventral rami of cervical nerves C5-C6. It provides motor innervation to the supraspinatus muscle , and the infraspinatus muscle .
The brachial plexus is formed by the ventral rami of C5-C8-T1 spinal nerves, and lower and upper halves of C4 and T2 spinal nerves. The plexus extends toward the armpit. The ventral rami of C5 and C6 form upper trunk, the ventral ramus of C7 forms the middle trunk, and the ventral rami of C8 and T1 join to form the lower trunk of the brachial ...