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  2. Scottsboro Boys - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottsboro_Boys

    The pardons granted to the Scottsboro Boys today are long overdue. The legislation that led to today's pardons was the result of a bipartisan, cooperative effort. I appreciate the Pardons and Parole Board for continuing our progress today and officially granting these pardons. Today, the Scottsboro Boys have finally received justice. [6]

  3. Norris v. Alabama - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norris_v._Alabama

    Norris v. Alabama, 294 U.S. 587 (1935), was one of the cases decided by the Supreme Court of the United States that arose out of the trial of the Scottsboro Boys, who were nine African-American teenagers falsely accused of raping two white women in 1931. The Scottsboro trial jury had no African-American members.

  4. Patterson v. Alabama - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patterson_v._Alabama

    This case was the second landmark decision arising out of the Scottsboro Boys trials (the first was the 1932 case, Powell v. Alabama). Haywood Patterson, along with several other African-American defendants, were tried for raping two white women in 1931 in Scottsboro, Alabama. The trials were rushed, there was virtually no legal counsel, and no ...

  5. International Labor Defense - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Labor_Defense

    A second case against C.E. Ruthenberg resulted in a conviction, but a series of appeals that reached the United States Supreme Court extended the process for years. Ruthenberg died of acute appendicitis shortly after his appeals were exhausted but before he could be shepherded to prison. Tens of thousands of dollars remained tied up on bail ...

  6. Communist Party USA and African Americans - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_USA_and...

    The party's most widely reported work in the South was its defense, through the International Labor Defense (ILD), of the "Scottsboro Boys", nine black men arrested in 1931 in Scottsboro, Alabama after a fight with some white men also riding the rails. They were convicted and sentenced to death for allegedly raping two white women on the same ...

  7. Scottsboro: An American Tragedy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottsboro:_An_American...

    Scottsboro: An American Tragedy is a 2001 American documentary film directed by Daniel Anker and Barak Goodman. The film is based on one of the longest-running and most controversial courtroom pursuits of racism in American history, which led to nine black teenaged men being wrongly convicted of raping a white woman in Alabama. [ 1 ]

  8. Samuel Leibowitz - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Leibowitz

    Samuel Simon Leibowitz was born in Iași, Kingdom of Romania, in 1893.He was the first child of Romanian Jewish immigrants, Isaac and Bina Lebeau, and arrived in New York City on March 14, 1897.

  9. Powell v. Alabama - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powell_v._Alabama

    Powell v. Alabama, 287 U.S. 45 (1932), was a landmark United States Supreme Court decision in which the Court reversed the convictions of nine young black men for allegedly raping two white women on a freight train near Scottsboro, Alabama. The majority of the Court reasoned that the right to retain and be represented by a lawyer was ...