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Underrepresented groups in computing, a subset of the STEM fields, include Hispanics, and African-Americans. In the United States in 2015, Hispanics were 15% of the population and African-Americans were 13%, but their representation in the workforces of major tech companies in technical positions typically runs less than 5% and 3%, respectively ...
"The two platforms". From a series of racist posters attacking Radical Republican supporters of Black suffrage, issued during the 1866 Pennsylvania gubernatorial race.The poster specifically characterizes Democratic candidate Hiester Clymer's platform as "for the White Man," represented here by the idealized head of a young White man (Clymer ran on a platform of white supremacy).
Representative Shirley Chisholm was the first African-American woman to serve in Congress. From the first United States Congress in 1789 through the 116th Congress in 2020, 162 African Americans served in Congress. [1] Meanwhile, the total number of all individuals who have served in Congress over that period is 12,348. [2]
The House of Representatives is the lower house of the bicameral United States Congress, which is the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the term "African American" includes all individuals who identify with one or more nationalities or ethnic groups originating in any of the ...
When investigating whether or not a pay disparity between two groups is due to discrimination we may construct a multiple regression model for pay as: = ⏟ + = ⏟ + ⏟ + ⏟ where the are the confounding variables, {,} is a dichotomous variable indicating group membership, and (,) is a normally distributed random variable. After correction ...
Most Hispanic members of Congress, including all elected prior to 1970, were of Mexican descent. Herman Badillo won election in 1970 to become the first Puerto Rican in Congress, Ileana Ros-Lehtinen was elected in 1989 as the first Cuban American congresswoman, and Richard Pombo won a seat in 1993 as the first Portuguese American member of ...
Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306 (2003), was a landmark case of the Supreme Court of the United States concerning affirmative action in student admissions.The Court held that a student admissions process that favors "underrepresented minority groups" did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause so long as it took into account other factors evaluated on an individual ...
These efforts were unsuccessful, as many other congresswomen did not want to join the group, whether for structural or ideological reasons. By 1977, the women obstructing the formation of a group had left Congress and an organizational mock up for a congressional group dedicated to women's issues in the legislative branch was created. [1]