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Poverty can have diverse environmental, legal, social, economic, and political causes and effects. [1] When evaluating poverty in statistics or economics there are two main measures: absolute poverty which compares income against the amount needed to meet basic personal needs, such as food, clothing, and shelter; [2] secondly, relative poverty ...
The effects of social welfare on poverty have been the subject of various studies. [1] Studies have shown that in welfare states, poverty decreases after countries adopt welfare programs. [2] Empirical evidence suggests that taxes and transfers considerably reduce poverty in most countries whose welfare states commonly constitute at least a ...
According to Ward, poverty is the strongest predictor of insufficient prenatal care, [18] which is caused by three factors that reduce access. These include socio-demographic factors (such as age, ethnicity, marital status, and education), systematic barriers, and barriers based on lack of knowledge, attitudes and life-styles. [ 18 ]
People living in poverty are at an increased risk of cancer incidence and mortality, with annual death rates being 12% higher in countries living in poverty. [103] Globally, two out of three cancer deaths are attributed to lifestyle and behaviors such as smoking, poor diet, physical inactivity, and insufficient cancer screenings. [104]
Obesity is associated with poverty due to lack of infrastructure that supports a healthy lifestyle. [17] Often, poverty-areas do not have places to walk or get healthy food nearby, and they are bombarded with unhealthy promotions like cigarettes, alcohol, and fast food. [17] High-poverty areas also had higher death rates than low-poverty areas ...
In December 2017, the United Nations special rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights, Philip Alston, undertook a two-week investigation on the effects of systemic poverty in the United States, and sharply condemned "private wealth and public squalor," declaring the state of Alabama to have the "worst poverty in the developed world."
Thus, the concentrated poverty rate aims to capture the extent of a possible “double burden” imposed on poor families living in extremely poor communities; both being poor and living in a poor community. The study also found negative effects on the better-off children raised in such areas.
This helps to explain why the culture of poverty tends to endure from generation to generation as most of the relationships the poor have are within that class. [32] The "culture of poverty" theory has been debated and critiqued by many people, including Eleanor Burke Leacock (and others) in her book The Culture of Poverty: A Critique. [33]