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The twelve-bar blues (or blues changes) is one of the most prominent chord progressions in popular music. The blues progression has a distinctive form in lyrics, phrase, chord structure, and duration. In its basic form, it is predominantly based on the I, IV, and V chords of a key.
Blues is a music genre [3] and musical form that originated amongst African-Americans in the Deep South of the United States around the 1860s. [2] Blues has incorporated spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts, chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads from the African-American culture.
The chord progression is also used in the form IV–I–V–vi, as in songs such as "Umbrella" by Rihanna [5] and "Down" by Jay Sean. [6] Numerous bro-country songs followed the chord progression, as demonstrated by Greg Todd's mash-up of several bro-country songs in an early 2015 video.
Many blues songs were developed in American folk music traditions and individual songwriters are sometimes unidentified. [1] Blues historian Gerard Herzhaft noted: In the case of very old blues songs, there is the constant recourse to oral tradition that conveyed the tune and even the song itself while at the same time evolving for several decades.
In October 1954, Howlin' Wolf recorded his version, titled simply "Forty Four", as an electric Chicago blues ensemble piece. Unlike the early versions of the song, Wolf's recording featured prominent guitar lines and an insistent "martial shuffle on the snare drum plus a bass drum that slammed down like an industrial punch-press", according to biographers. [7]
In 1970, after the dissolution of Immediate Records, RCA Victor reissued the original Blues Anytime albums under the name British Archive Series: Blues for Collectors Vol. 1–4,. [4] [5] A compilation of tracks from this series was released by RCA as Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck, Jimmy Page: Guitar Boogie (1971)
Country blues [4] Alger "Texas" Alexander: 1900 1954 Texas Country blues [5] Ora Alexander: c.1909: Unknown: Alabama Classic female blues [6] Albert Ammons: 1907 1949 Illinois Boogie woogie [7] Pink Anderson: 1900 1974 South Carolina Piedmont blues [8] Kokomo Arnold: 1901* 1968 Georgia Acoustic blues [9] Barbecue Bob: 1902 1931 Georgia Acoustic ...
This is a plagal cadence featuring a dominant seventh tonic (I or V/IV) chord. However, Baker cites a turnaround containing "How Dry I Am" as the "absolutely most commonly used blues turnaround". [5] Fischer describes the turnaround as the last two measures of the blues form, or I 7 and V 7, with variations including I 7 –IV 7 –I 7 –V 7. [6]