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  2. Wastegate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastegate

    Inside the wastegate actuator, a spring acts to open the wastegate, and oil pressure acts to close the wastegate. On the oil output side of the wastegate actuator sits the density controller, an air-controlled oil valve which senses upper deck pressure and controls how fast oil can bleed from the wastegate actuator back to the engine. As the ...

  3. Inertial frame of reference - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inertial_frame_of_reference

    In classical physics and special relativity, an inertial frame of reference (also called an inertial space or a Galilean reference frame) is a frame of reference in which objects exhibit inertia: they remain at rest or in uniform motion relative to the frame until acted upon by external forces. In such a frame, the laws of nature can be ...

  4. Mathematical formulation of the Standard Model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_formulation...

    Standard Model of Particle Physics. The diagram shows the elementary particles of the Standard Model (the Higgs boson, the three generations of quarks and leptons, and the gauge bosons), including their names, masses, spins, charges, chiralities, and interactions with the strong, weak and electromagnetic forces.

  5. Titanium aluminide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium_aluminide

    Titanium aluminide (chemical formula TiAl), commonly gamma titanium, is an intermetallic chemical compound. It is lightweight and resistant to oxidation [1] and heat, but has low ductility. The density of γ-TiAl is about 4.0 g/cm 3. It finds use in several applications including aircraft, jet engines, sporting equipment and automobiles.

  6. On shell and off shell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_shell_and_off_shell

    In physics, particularly in quantum field theory, configurations of a physical system that satisfy classical equations of motion are called on the mass shell (on shell); while those that do not are called off the mass shell (off shell).

  7. Phase space - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_space

    A plot of position and momentum variables as a function of time is sometimes called a phase plot or a phase diagram. However the latter expression, " phase diagram ", is more usually reserved in the physical sciences for a diagram showing the various regions of stability of the thermodynamic phases of a chemical system, which consists of ...

  8. Free body diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_body_diagram

    In physics and engineering, a free body diagram (FBD; also called a force diagram) [1] is a graphical illustration used to visualize the applied forces, moments, and resulting reactions on a free body in a given condition. It depicts a body or connected bodies with all the applied forces and moments, and reactions, which act on the body(ies).

  9. Contact geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_geometry

    A consequence of the definition is that the restriction of the 2-form ω = dα to a hyperplane in ξ is a nondegenerate 2-form. This construction provides any contact manifold M with a natural symplectic bundle of rank one smaller than the dimension of M. Note that a symplectic vector space is always even-dimensional, while contact manifolds ...