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Follicular cyst, the most common type of ovarian cyst. [2] In menstruating women, an ovarian follicle containing the ovum (an unfertilized egg) normally releases the ovum during ovulation. [2] If it does not release the ovum, a follicular cyst of more than 2.5 cm diameter may result. [6] A ruptured follicular cyst can be painful. [2]
A corpus luteum cyst or luteal cyst is a type of ovarian cyst which may rupture about the time of menstruation, and take up to three months to disappear entirely. A corpus luteum cyst does not often occur in women over the age of 50, because eggs are no longer being released after menopause. Corpus luteum cysts may contain blood and other fluids.
One of the most important factors used to determine the clinical suspicion of malignancy of an adnexal mass is the sonographic appearance of the mass. [2] Indications that the mass is at a higher risk of being malignant include the presence of loculations, nodules , papillary structures, septations , or a size greater than 10 cm. [ 3 ] [ 4 ]
Most bilateral oophorectomies (63%) are performed without any medical indication, and most (87%) are performed together with a hysterectomy. [10] Conversely, unilateral oophorectomy is commonly performed for a medical indication (73%; cyst, endometriosis, benign tumor, inflammation, etc.) and less commonly in conjunction with hysterectomy (61%).
PTCs have been reported in all female age groups and seem to be most common in the third to fifth decades of life. [1] [7] A study in Italy estimated their incidence to be about 3%, [1] while an autopsy study of postmenopausal women detected them in about 4% of cases. [8] These cysts constitute about 10% of adnexal masses. [5]
CT Ovarian Cyst. Further work up involves imaging, such as a pelvic ultrasound or CT scan. [7] Theca lutein cysts with diameters over 6 cm in size can be seen through these imaging modalities. [18] Benign ovarian cysts and complex cysts that are potentially malignant are distinguishable via ultrasounds. [19]