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The developmental state is sometimes contrasted with a predatory state or weak state. [1] The first person to seriously conceptualize the developmental state was Chalmers Johnson. [2] Johnson defined the developmental state as a state that is focused on economic development and takes necessary policy measures to accomplish that objective.
State/Space theory constitutes a new branch of social and political geography in which the issues of space as a geographic element are considered for their influence on political relationships and outcomes. [1] Leading scholars include Neil Brenner at the Harvard Graduate School of Design, and Bob Jessop at Lancaster University in England ...
The state space or phase space is the geometric space in which the axes are the state variables. The system state can be represented as a vector , the state vector . If the dynamical system is linear, time-invariant, and finite-dimensional, then the differential and algebraic equations may be written in matrix form.
A state-space model is a representation of a system in which the effect of all "prior" input values is contained by a state vector. In the case of an m-d system, each dimension has a state vector that contains the effect of prior inputs relative to that dimension. The collection of all such dimensional state vectors at a point constitutes the ...
This state-space realization is called controllable canonical form (also known as phase variable canonical form) because the resulting model is guaranteed to be controllable (i.e., because the control enters a chain of integrators, it has the ability to move every state).
If the size of the state space is finite, calculating the size of the state space is a combinatorial problem. [4] For example, in the Eight queens puzzle, the state space can be calculated by counting all possible ways to place 8 pieces on an 8x8 chessboard. This is the same as choosing 8 positions without replacement from a set of 64, or
Standards-based education reform in the United States began with the publication of A Nation at Risk in 1983. [19] In 1989, an education summit involving all fifty state governors and President George H. W. Bush resulted in the adoption of national education goals for the year 2000; the goals included content standards. [19]
An example of a non-Western model for development stages is the Indian model, focusing a large amount of its psychological research on morality and interpersonal progress. The developmental stages in Indian models are founded by Hinduism, which primarily teaches stages of life in the process of someone discovering their fate or Dharma . [ 153 ]