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In human anatomy, the facial skeleton of the skull the external surface of the mandible is marked in the median line by a faint ridge, indicating the mandibular symphysis (Latin: symphysis menti) or line of junction where the two lateral halves of the mandible typically fuse in the first year of life (6–9 months after birth). [1]
The unfused mandibular symphysis and constricted roots of the lower postcanines support the placement of Alemoatherium within Prozostrodontia, a clade of cynodonts including mammaliaforms and many of their Late Triassic relatives, from Prozostrodon crownwards.
The mandible in contrast has a relatively poor blood supply, which deteriorates with increasing age. The cortical plates are thick and there is a medullary cavity. The sites of the mandible most commonly affected by OM are (decreasing order of frequency) the body, the symphysis, the angle, the ramus and finally the condyle.
In humans, the upper jaw includes the hard palate in the front of the mouth. [3] [4] The two maxillary bones are fused at the intermaxillary suture, forming the anterior nasal spine. This is similar to the mandible (lower jaw), which is also a fusion of two mandibular bones at the mandibular symphysis. The mandible is the movable part of the jaw.
The forensic term for the midpoint of the mandibular angle is the gonion. The gonion is a cephalometric landmark located at the lowest, posterior, and lateral point on the angle. [ 1 ] This site is at the apex of the maximum curvature of the mandible, where the ascending ramus becomes the body of the mandible.
Strepsirrhines are also traditionally noted for their unfused mandibular symphysis (two halves of the lower jaw), [87] however, fusion of the mandibular symphysis was common in adapiforms, [92] notably Notharctus. [93] Also, several extinct giant lemurs exhibited a fused mandibular symphysis. [94]
The alveolar process (/ æ l ˈ v iː ə l ər, ˌ æ l v i ˈ oʊ l ər, ˈ æ l v i ə l ər /) [1] is the portion of bone containing the tooth sockets on the jaw bones (in humans, the maxilla and the mandible). The alveolar process is covered by gums within the mouth, terminating roughly along the line of the mandibular canal.
Its posterior border is concave and forms the anterior boundary of the mandibular notch. The lateral surface is smooth, and affords insertion to the temporalis and masseter muscles. Its medial surface gives insertion to the temporalis, and presents a ridge which begins near the apex of the process and runs downward and forward to the inner side ...