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In 2009, the constitution was quietly amended so that not only did it remove all Marxist–Leninist references present in the first draft, but it also dropped all reference to communism. [3] According to North Korea: A Country Study by Robert L. Worden, Marxism–Leninism was abandoned immediately after the start of de-Stalinisation in the ...
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8 November 1941 () 13 June 1991 () Marxism–Leninism Hoxhaism. Stalinism Anti-revisionism. Abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy in 1991 and now known as the Socialist Party of Albania Angola (1975–1992) People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola: MPLA Agostinho Neto (first)
In contrast to reformist social democracy and to Leninism, the central argument of council communism is that democratic workers councils arising in factories and municipalities are the natural form of working class organisation and governmental power.
Democratic centralism has primarily been associated with Marxist–Leninist and Trotskyist parties, [2] [3] but has also occasionally been practised by other democratic socialist and social democratic parties such as South Africa's African National Congress. Scholars have disputed whether democratic centralism was implemented in practice in the ...
A world map is a map of most or all of the surface of Earth. World maps, because of their scale, must deal with the problem of projection. Maps rendered in two dimensions by necessity distort the display of the three-dimensional surface of the Earth. While this is true of any map, these distortions reach extremes in a world map.
The term has acquired a significant notoriety in the context of Soviet political repressions, where deviations from the general line have led to severe punishment.The introduction to a collection of documents from the Stalinist era [1] says that general line statements produced by the Stalinist leadership were written with great care and exact phrasing in prescribed terminology and with ...
Bennigsen, A., Muslim national communism in the Soviet Union : a revolutionary strategy for the colonial world (1979). Ford, Christopher (2009). "Outline History of the Ukrainian Communist Party (Independentists): An Emancipatory Communism 1918–1925". Debatte: Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe. 17 (2): 193– 246.