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During the presidency of Barack Obama, the government eased enforcement of federal marijuana laws in U.S. states permitting cannabis use. [1] [2] [3] This also applies to the every other administration before him including Nixon administration.
The 2013 House bill (113th Congress, H.R. 499) was introduced by Representative Jared Polis. There were nine original co-sponsors; this rose to 18 co-sponsors (17 Democrats and 1 Republican). [18] [19] The 2015 Senate bill (114th Congress, S. 2237) was introduced by Senator Bernie Sanders, with no co-sponsors. [20] [21]
2015: President Barack Obama declares his support for cannabis decriminalization but opposition to legalization. [154] [155] 2022: President Joe Biden, in ordering a review of the scheduling status of cannabis, states: "We classify marijuana at the same level as heroin – and more serious than fentanyl. It makes no sense." [156]
The Cole Memorandum was sent to all United States Attorneys and was formally titled "Guidance Regarding Marijuana Enforcement". The Cole Memorandum was a United States Department of Justice memorandum issued August 29, 2013, by United States Deputy Attorney General James M. Cole during the presidency of Barack Obama.
During the counterculture of the 1960s, attitudes towards marijuana and drug abuse policy changed as marijuana use among "white middle-class college students" became widespread. [3] In Leary v. United States (1969), the U.S. Supreme Court held the Marihuana Tax Act to be unconstitutional since it violated the Fifth Amendment.
The amendment remained in the FY 2016 omnibus appropriations bill that was signed into law by President Obama on December 18, 2015. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] The Rohrabacher–Farr amendment was not voted on by the House in 2016, but did pass the Senate Appropriations Committee for a second time on April 21, 2016, by a 21–8 vote. [ 13 ]
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According to Voice of America, "The impetus for the legislation was a decision by Attorney General Jeff Sessions in January to rescind Obama-era Justice Department guidelines that encouraged prosecutors to adopt a hands-off approach to marijuana law enforcement in states where the substance was legal", referring to the Cole Memorandum provisions rescinded on January 4, 2018.