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Meta-analyses have concluded that probiotics may protect against antibiotic-associated diarrhea in both children and adults. [2] [3] Evidence is insufficient, however, regarding an effect on rates of C. difficile colitis. [4] The efficacy of probiotic AAD prevention is dependent on the probiotic strain(s) used and on the dosage.
The recommended dosage for controlling asthma exacerbations with azithromycin is either 500 mg or 250 mg taken orally as tablets three times a week. In adults with severe asthma, low-dose azithromycin may be prescribed as an add-on treatment when standard therapies such as inhaled corticosteroids or long-acting beta2-agonists are not sufficient ...
Antibiotics with less reliable but occasional (depending on isolate and subspecies) activity: occasionally penicillins including penicillin, ampicillin and ampicillin-sulbactam, amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulnate, and piperacillin-tazobactam (not all vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus isolates are resistant to penicillin and ampicillin)
If antibiotics are to be employed, a macrolide (such as azithromycin) is preferred over a fluoroquinolone due to higher rates of resistance to the latter. [19] Pseudomembranous colitis , usually caused by antibiotic use, is managed by discontinuing the causative agent and treating it with either metronidazole or vancomycin . [ 73 ]
Narrow-spectrum antibiotics have low propensity to induce bacterial resistance and are less likely to disrupt the microbiome (normal microflora). [3] On the other hand, indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics may not only induce the development of bacterial resistance and promote the emergency of multidrug-resistant organisms, but also cause off-target effects due to dysbiosis.
Therefore, an antibiotic with PAE would require less frequent administration and it could improve patient adherence with regard to pharmacotherapy. [ 3 ] [ 5 ] Proposed mechanisms include (1) slow recovery after reversible nonlethal damage to cell structures; (2) persistence of the drug at a binding site or within the periplasmic space ; and (3 ...
Studies have suggested that azithromycin or ciprofloxacin, may be the most effective antibiotics when treating Enteroaggregative E.coli (EAEC) infections. If either antibiotic isn't effective after 24 hours, a 3-day course of rifaximin is recommended.