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Clock rate or clock speed in computing typically refers to the frequency at which the clock generator of a processor can generate pulses used to synchronize the operations of its components. [1] It is used as an indicator of the processor's speed. Clock rate is measured in the SI unit of frequency hertz (Hz).
For example, a system with an external clock of 100 MHz and a 36x clock multiplier will have an internal CPU clock of 3.6 GHz. The external address and data buses of the CPU (often collectively termed front side bus (FSB) in PC contexts) also use the external clock as a fundamental timing base; however, they could also employ a (small) multiple ...
DDR4 speeds are advertised as double the base clock rate due to its Double Data Rate (DDR) nature, with common speeds including DDR4-2400 and DDR4-3200, and higher speeds like DDR4-4266 and DDR4-5000 available at a premium. Unlike DDR3, DDR4 does not have a low voltage variant; it consistently operates at 1.2 V. Additionally, DDR4 improves on ...
Standard frequency. Used in wireless base stations, available as TCXO, VCXO. 5x30.72 MHz. Popular frequency of SAW filters for intermediate frequency in microwave systems. 154.0 VGA: VGA pixel clock (WUXGA 1920×1200@60) 155.520 SONET/SDH 3×51.840 MHz (SONET STS-1 frequency), SONET/SDH clock. Can be generated from 19.44 MHz xtal. 155.85 VGA
The dynamic power (switching power) dissipated by a chip is C·V 2 ·A·f, where C is the capacitance being switched per clock cycle, V is voltage, A is the Activity Factor [1] indicating the average number of switching events per clock cycle by the transistors in the chip (as a unitless quantity) and f is the clock frequency. [2]
Then, the base memory clock will operate at (Memory Divider) × (FSB) = 1 × 200 = 200 MHz and the effective memory clock would be 400 MHz since it is a DDR system ("DDR" stands for Double Data Rate; the effective memory clock speed is double the actual clock speed). The CPU will operate at 10 × 200 MHz = 2.0 GHz.
Thus with a memory clock frequency of 100 MHz, DDR3 SDRAM gives a maximum transfer rate of 6400 MB/s. The data rate (in MT/s) is twice the I/O bus clock (in MHz) due to the double data rate of DDR memory. As explained above, the bandwidth in MB/s is the data rate multiplied by eight.
Double Data Rate 5 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DDR5 SDRAM) is a type of synchronous dynamic random-access memory.Compared to its predecessor DDR4 SDRAM, DDR5 was planned to reduce power consumption, while doubling bandwidth. [5]