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Thus the upper arm in humans is proximal and the hand is distal. "Proximal and distal" are frequently used when describing appendages, such as fins, tentacles, and limbs. Although the direction indicated by "proximal" and "distal" is always respectively towards or away from the point of attachment, a given structure can be either proximal or ...
Standard terms used throughout anatomy include anterior / posterior for the front and back of a structure, superior / inferior for above and below, medial / lateral for structures close to and away from the midline respectively, and proximal / distal for structures close to and far away from a set point.
Proximal and distal, which describe a position that is closer to (proximal) or farther from (distal) the trunk of the body. [1] For example, the shoulder is proximal to the arm, and the foot is distal to the knee. Superficial and deep, which describe structures that are closer to (superficial) or farther from (deep) the surface of the body.
Joints of the hand, X-ray Interphalangeal ligaments and phalanges. Right hand. Deep dissection. Posterior (dorsal) view. The PIP joint exhibits great lateral stability. Its transverse diameter is greater than its antero-posterior diameter and its thick collateral ligaments are tight in all positions during flexion, contrary to those in the metacarpophalangeal joint.
The palmar surface of the scaphoid is concave, and forming a distal tubercle, giving attachment to the transverse carpal ligament. The proximal surface is triangular, smooth and convex. [3] The lateral surface is narrow and gives attachment to the radial collateral ligament. The medial surface has two facets, a flattened semi-lunar facet ...
The capitulum is a rounded eminence forming the lateral part of the distal humerus. The head of the radius articulates with the capitulum. Capitulum on the lateral side and trochlea on the medial side of the humerus. The trochlea is spool-shaped medial portion of the distal humerus and articulates with the ulna. Trochlea of the humerus
The medial portion is the larger, and is slightly concave transversely; the lateral is convex above, slightly concave below. The radial notch is a narrow, oblong, articular depression on the lateral side of the coronoid process; it receives the circumferential articular surface of the head of the radius. It is concave from before backward, and ...
The lateral intermuscular septum extends from the lower part of the crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus, along the lateral supracondylar ridge, to the lateral epicondyle; it is blended with the tendon of the deltoid muscle, gives attachment to the triceps brachii behind, and to the brachialis, brachioradialis, and extensor carpi radialis longus muscles in front.