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The mineral olivine (/ ˈ ɒ l. ɪ ˌ v iː n /) is a magnesium iron silicate with the chemical formula (Mg,Fe) 2 Si O 4.It is a type of nesosilicate or orthosilicate.The primary component of the Earth's upper mantle, [9] it is a common mineral in Earth's subsurface, but weathers quickly on the surface.
Olivine is an abundant mineral, but gem-quality peridot is rather rare due to its chemical instability on Earth's surface. Olivine is usually found as small grains and tends to exist in a heavily weathered state, unsuitable for decorative use.
Kimberlite: formed in volcanic pipes and at least 35% olivine [9] Kimberlite is a highly brecciated variant of peridotite formed in volcanic pipes and is known for being the host rock to diamonds. Unlike other forms of peridotite, kimberlite is quite rare. [10] Pyroxene peridotite: From 40% to 90% olivine and less than 5% hornblende
Olivine basalt is commonly used by foundries, boilermakers and boiler users to protect the area around a burner tip or to protect a floor from molten metal and other slag. Its use in this fashion is appropriate since olivine is a highly refractory, high-melting-temperature mineral.
The upper mantle of Earth is composed mainly of olivine and pyroxene minerals. Pyroxene and feldspar are the major minerals in basalt, andesite, and gabbro rocks. [1] [2]
The mineral assemblage is greater than 90% olivine, with minor amounts of other minerals such as pyroxene, chromite, magnetite, and pyrope. Dunite is the olivine-rich endmember of the peridotite group of mantle-derived rocks.
Hawaiite is an olivine basalt with a composition between alkali basalt and mugearite. [1] It was first used as a name for some lavas found on the island of Hawaii.. It occurs during the later stages of volcanic activity on oceanic islands such as Hawaii, [2] which happens to be when the alkali metals are most present.
However, more than one olivine-type phase may be used as a battery's cathode material. Olivine compounds such as A y MPO 4, Li 1−x MFePO 4, and LiFePO 4−z M have the same crystal structures as LiMPO 4, and may replace it in a cathode. All may be referred to as “LFP”. [citation needed] Manganese, phosphate, iron, and lithium also form an ...