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Alternatives to animal testing are the development and implementation of test methods that avoid the use of live animals. There is widespread agreement that a reduction in the number of animals used and the refinement of testing to reduce suffering should be important goals for the industries involved. [1]
The Johns Hopkins University Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) has worked with scientists, since 1981, to find new methods to replace the use of laboratory animals in experiments, reduce the number of animals tested, and refine necessary tests to eliminate pain and distress (the Three Rs as described in Russell and Burch's Principles of Humane Experimental Technique). [1]
In 1954, the Universities Federation for Animal Welfare (UFAW) decided to sponsor systematic research on the progress of humane techniques in the laboratory. [2] In October of that year, William Russell, described as a brilliant young zoologist who happened to be also a psychologist and a classical scholar, and Rex Burch, a microbiologist, were appointed to inaugurate a systematic study of ...
If a company carries the PETA "animal test-free" or "cruelty-free" label, it must also have signed agreements with its suppliers that they do not use animal testing. [149] PETA also awards a "vegan" label to clothing and furniture products (instead of entire companies), which means that the products are free from animal-derived ingredients, but ...
The test can detect antipsychotic-like activity both in the case of dopamine D 2 receptor antagonists and in the case of drugs lacking D 2 receptor antagonism. [1] [2] [6] The occupancy of the D 2 receptor by antagonists of this receptor required to inhibit the CAR is around 65 to 80%, which is similar to the occupancy at which therapeutic antipsychotic effects occur in humans with these drugs.
In a blog post this week, PETA claimed that researchers from China's Research Institute for Traffic Medicine and Daping Hospital strapped live pigs to a metal sled for eight hours, screwed a metal ...
ALTEX: Alternatives to Animal Experimentation is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering alternatives to animal experimentation and related issues of bioethics, seeking to promote the replacement, reduction, and refinement of animal use in research (the "3Rs").
Its goal was "to develop, validate, and promote laboratory methods and techniques that don't use animal test subjects". [1] It was the first centre in Canada dedicated to non-animal testing and the promotion of human-relevant alternatives. [2] [3] The CCAAM ceased operations on May 31, 2024 due to budget cuts at the University of Windsor. [4]