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It is commonly found between the teeth, on the front of teeth, behind teeth, on chewing surfaces, along the gumline (supragingival), or below the gumline cervical margins (subgingival). [1] Dental plaque is also known as microbial plaque, oral biofilm, dental biofilm, dental plaque biofilm or bacterial plaque biofilm.
Heavy staining and calculus deposits exhibited on the lingual surface of the mandibular anterior teeth, along the gumline Calculus deposit (indicated with a red arrow) on x-ray image. In dentistry, calculus or tartar is a form of hardened dental plaque.
Dental plaque: Although usually virtually invisible on the tooth surface, plaque may become stained by chromogenic bacteria such as Actinomyces species. [12] Calculus: Neglected plaque eventually calcifies, and leads to formation of a hard deposit on the teeth, especially around the gumline. The color of calculus varies, and may be grey, yellow ...
Gingivitis is a non-destructive disease that causes inflammation of the gums; [1] ulitis is an alternative term. [2] The most common form of gingivitis, and the most common form of periodontal disease overall, is in response to bacterial biofilms (also called plaque) that are attached to tooth surfaces, termed plaque-induced gingivitis.
Non-plaque-induced gingival disease is an inflammation of the gingiva that does not result from dental plaque, but from other gingival diseases caused by bacterial, viral, fungal, or genetic sources. Although this gingival disease is less common than those which are plaque-induced, it can have a serious impact on the patient's overall health.
In its early stage, called gingivitis, the gums become swollen and red and may bleed. [5] It is considered the main cause of tooth loss for adults worldwide. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] In its more serious form, called periodontitis , the gums can pull away from the tooth , bone can be lost, and the teeth may loosen or fall out . [ 5 ]
Unicolor plaque disclosing tablet Tricolor plaque disclosing gel—before and after. Disclosing tablets are chewable tablets that make dental plaque visible.. The tablets, sold over the counter in many countries, contain a dye (typically a vegetable dye, such as Phloxine B) that stains the plaque a bright color (typically red or blue).
There are many possible causes of gingival bleeding. The main cause of gingival bleeding is the formation and accumulation of plaque at the gum line due to improper brushing and flossing of teeth. The hardened form of plaque is calculus. An advanced form of gingivitis as a result of formation of plaque is periodontitis.