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In addition, hypertension precedes heart failure in 90% of cases, [7] and the majority of heart failure in the elderly may be attributable to hypertension. [17] Hypertensive heart disease was estimated to be responsible for 1.0 million deaths worldwide in 2004 (or approximately 1.7% of all deaths globally), and was ranked 13th in the leading ...
Left ventricular hypertrophy. Hypertensive heart disease is the result of structural and functional adaptations [18] leading to left ventricular hypertrophy, [19] [20] [21] diastolic dysfunction, [18] [20] CHF (Congestive Heart Failure), abnormalities of blood flow due to atherosclerotic coronary artery disease [18] and microvascular disease, [10] [19] and cardiac arrhythmias. [19]
If medications are not effective enough, procedures such as implanting a pacemaker, cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), or a left ventricular assist device (LVAD), heart valve surgery, and coronary bypass surgery may be needed. [3] The last resort treatment option would be a complete heart transplant.
[9] [10] Of all people with hypertension, about 46% do not have a diagnosis of hypertension and are unaware that they have the condition. [ 13 ] [ 9 ] In 1975, almost 600 million people had a diagnosis of hypertension, a number which increased to 1.13 billion by 2015 mostly due to risk factors for hypertension increasing in low- and middle ...
Mortality is between 40–80% 10 years post-diagnosis. [9] The prognosis of alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) varies depending on the severity of the condition, the extent of heart muscle damage, and the response to treatment. Without treatment, ACM can progress to severe heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. [10]
Secondary hypertension (or, less commonly, inessential hypertension) is a type of hypertension which has a specific and identifiable underlying primary cause. It is much less common than essential hypertension , affecting only 5-10% of hypertensive patients.
Patients with paroxysmal hypertension who test negative for pheochromocytoma are said to be suffering from a clinical entity called "pseudopheochromocytoma." This disorder is due to episodic dopamine discharge and has been observed predominantly in hypertensive women whose presentation mimicked pheochromocytoma , but with subsequent testing ...
Essential hypertension (also called primary hypertension, or idiopathic hypertension) is a form of hypertension without an identifiable physiologic cause. [1] [2] It is the most common type affecting 85% of those with high blood pressure. [3] [4] The remaining 15% is accounted for by various causes of secondary hypertension. [3]