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Placard outside a shop in Bordeaux advertising subtraction of 20% from the price of the second perfume purchased. Subtraction (which is signified by the minus sign −) is one of the four arithmetic operations along with addition, multiplication and division. Subtraction is an operation that represents removal of objects from a collection. [1]
The subtraction operator: a binary operator to indicate the operation of subtraction, as in 5 − 3 = 2. Subtraction is the inverse of addition. [1] The function whose value for any real or complex argument is the additive inverse of that argument. For example, if x = 3, then −x = −3, but if x = −3, then −x = +3. Similarly, −(−x) = x.
The digital root of the result of this calculation is then compared with that of the result of the original calculation. If no mistake has been made in the calculations, these two digital roots must be the same. Examples in which casting-out-nines has been used to check addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are given below.
Interactive subtraction game: Players take turns removing 1, 2 or 3 objects from an initial pool of 21 objects. The player taking the last object wins. In another game which is commonly known as nim (but is better called the subtraction game ), an upper bound is imposed on the number of objects that can be removed in a turn.
The same carry bit is also generally used to indicate borrows in subtraction, though the bit's meaning is inverted due to the effects of two's complement arithmetic. Normally, a carry bit value of "1" signifies that an addition overflowed the ALU, and must be accounted for when adding data words of lengths greater than that of the CPU. For ...
Subtraction games are generally impartial games, meaning that the set of moves available in a given position does not depend on the player whose turn it is to move.For such a game, the states can be divided up into -positions (positions in which the previous player, who just moved, is winning) and -positions (positions in which the next player to move is winning), and an optimal game playing ...