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Splenomegaly is an enlargement of the spleen. [1] The spleen usually lies in the left upper quadrant (LUQ) of the human abdomen.Splenomegaly is one of the four cardinal signs of hypersplenism which include: some reduction in number of circulating blood cells affecting granulocytes, erythrocytes or platelets in any combination; a compensatory proliferative response in the bone marrow; and the ...
If an individual's spleen is enlarged, as is frequent in mononucleosis, most physicians will advise against activities (such as contact sports) where injury to the abdomen could be catastrophic. [10] Patients whose spleens have been removed via a splenectomy must receive immunizations to help prevent infections such as pneumonia. This helps to ...
The spleen is massively enlarged. It shows dilated sinusoids lined with reticulum cells. There is a marked erythrophagocytosis and lymphocytic infiltration of the pulp. Peripheral smear for malarial parasite is usually negative. Condition may show features of hypersplenism in severe form like anemia and thrombocytopenia.
Spleen: Splenomegaly: Medical imaging: Largest dimension of over 11 cm, [27] [28] or craniocaudal height of 13 [29] cm. Moderate splenomegaly: the largest dimension is between 11–20 cm [27] Severe splenomegaly: the largest dimension is greater than 20 cm [27] Autopsy: Weight over upper limit of standard reference range, of 230 g (8.1 oz) [12 ...
To rule out an enlarged spleen, a pretest probability of 30% or less will yield a negative predictive value over 90% (calculation) Given the paucity of physical exam findings to evaluate possible splenomegaly, Castell's sign is the most sensitive, and is thus a good tool to teach in an advanced-type physical diagnosis course.
The upper portion is the abdominal cavity, and it contains the stomach, liver, pancreas, spleen, gallbladder, kidneys, small intestine, and most of the large intestine. The lower portion is the pelvic cavity, and it contains the urinary bladder, the rest of the large intestine (the lower portion), and the internal reproductive organs. [2] [3]
Detecting an enlarged spleen: In medical diagnosis Nixon's sign is an alternative to Castell's sign, useful in identifying splenomegaly. Technique
Hepatosplenomegaly (commonly abbreviated HSM) is the simultaneous enlargement of both the liver (hepatomegaly) and the spleen (splenomegaly).Hepatosplenomegaly can occur as the result of acute viral hepatitis, infectious mononucleosis, and histoplasmosis or it can be the sign of a serious and life-threatening lysosomal storage disease.