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The axilla (pl.: axillae or axillas; also known as the armpit, underarm or oxter) is the area on the human body directly under the shoulder joint.It includes the axillary space, an anatomical space within the shoulder girdle between the arm and the thoracic cage, bounded superiorly by the imaginary plane between the superior borders of the first rib, clavicle and scapula (above which are ...
The axillary lymph nodes or armpit lymph nodes are lymph nodes in the human armpit. Between 20 and 49 in number, they drain lymph vessels from the lateral quadrants of the breast, the superficial lymph vessels from thin walls of the chest and the abdomen above the level of the navel, and the vessels from the upper limb.
The true axilla is a conical space with its apex at the Cervico-axillary Canal, Base at the axillary fascia and skin of the armpit. When viewed in an axillary plane (axillary cut), it is more triangle with: Medial Wall: Serratus Anterior, Anterior Wall: pectoral muscles, Posterior Wall: subscapularis muscle, where the "apex" of the triangle is the humerus [4] [5]
Anterior axillary line: A vertical line on the anterior torso marked by the anterior axillary fold. Midaxillary line: A vertical line passing through the apex of the axilla. Posterior axillary line: A vertical line passing through the posterior axillary fold. Scapular line: A vertical line passing through the inferior angle of the scapula.
The ears are referred to as the auricle or otic region. The nose is referred to as the nasal region. The mouth is referred to as the oral region. The chin is referred to as the mental region. The neck is referred to as the cervical region. The trunk of the body contains, from superior to inferior, the thoracic region encompassing the chest [1]
The axillary artery is accompanied by the axillary vein, [2] which lies medial to the artery, along its length. In the axilla, the axillary artery is surrounded by the brachial plexus. [2] The second part of the axillary artery is the reference for the locational descriptions of the cords in the brachial plexus.
However, it receives the efferents of all the other axillary glands. The efferent vessels of the subclavicular group unite to form the subclavian trunk, which opens either directly into the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins or into the jugular lymphatic trunk; on the left side it may end in the thoracic duct.
The shoulder joint involves articulation between the glenoid cavity of the scapula (shoulder blade) and the head of the upper arm bone and functions as a diarthrosis and multiaxial joint. Due to the very loose joint capsule that gives a limited interface of the humerus and scapula, it is the most mobile joint of the human body.