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A combustion engine's spark distributor rotor made of Bakelite. Molded Bakelite forms in a condensation reaction of phenol and formaldehyde, with wood flour or asbestos fiber as a filler, under high pressure and heat in a time frame of a few minutes of curing. The result is a hard plastic material. [27]
The molecular weights are in the low thousands, corresponding to about 10–20 phenol units. Obtained polymer is thermoplastic and require a curing agent or hardener to form a thermoset. Hexamethylenetetramine is a hardener added to crosslink novolac. At a temperature greater than 90 °C, it forms methylene and dimethylene amino bridges.
Bakelite: Phenol-formaldehyde resin: High electric, heat and chemical resistance: Insulation of wires, manufacturing sockets, electrical devices, brake pads, etc. Kevlar: Para-aramid fibre: High tensile strength: Manufacturing armour, sports and musical equipment. Used in the field of cryogenics: Twaron: Para-aramid: Heat resistant and strong fibre
Most natural polymers being employed at early stage of human society are of condensation type. The synthesis of first truly synthetic polymeric material, bakelite, was announced by Leo Baekeland in 1907, through a typical step-growth polymerization fashion of phenol and formaldehyde.
Bakelite, the first fully synthetic thermoset, was reported by Leo Baekeland using phenol and formaldehyde. 1912: After over 10 years research, Jacques E. Brandenberger develops a method for producing cellophane and secures a patent. [9] 1926: Waldo Semon and the B.F. Goodrich Company developed a method to plasticize PVC by blending it with ...
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phenolic resin (NBS name: phenolic or bakelite type) urea-formaldehyde (NBS name: amino resin) synthetic fibres. synthetic textiles; See also. Button collecting;
Novotext is a trade name for cotton textile-phenolic resin, essentially cotton-reinforced Bakelite. It was often used in car engines for gear wheels used to provide a direct drive to the camshaft as it is flexible and quiet-running. [1] One of the first luxury cars to use this material for its camshaft drive gears was the Maybach Zeppelin of ...