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Nicolae Ceaușescu (/ tʃ aʊ ˈ ʃ ɛ s k uː / chow-SHESK-oo; Romanian: [nikoˈla.e tʃe̯a.uˈʃesku] ⓘ; 26 January [O.S. 13 January] 1918 – 25 December 1989) was a Romanian politician who was the second and last communist leader of Romania, serving as the general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 to 1989.
During the Cold War, Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceaușescu presided over the most pervasive cult of personality within the Eastern Bloc.Inspired by the personality cult surrounding Kim Il Sung in North Korea and Mao Zedong in China, it started with the 1971 July Theses which reversed the liberalization of the 1960s, imposed a strict nationalist ideology, established Stalinist totalitarianism ...
Following the 1937 Romanian general election, Goga was appointed prime minister on 28 December 1937. His term ended on 10 February 1938. During his cabinet's brief rule, antisemitic laws were introduced and Romania's foreign policy was shifted towards Germany, Italy, and Japan. [3] Goga's cabinet was divided between pro-Western and pro-Axis ...
Romanian state television announced that Nicolae Ceaușescu had been responsible for the deaths of 60,000 people; [3] the announcement did not make clear whether this was the number killed during the Romanian Revolution in Timișoara [4] [5] [6] or throughout the 24 years of Ceaușescu's rule. Nevertheless, the charges did not affect the trial.
Romania broke the treaty later in the year, on the grounds that King Ferdinand I had not signed it. During the interval, Antonescu, who viewed the separate peace as "the most rational solution," was assigned command over a cavalry regiment. [10] The renewed offensive played a part in ensuring the union of Transylvania with Romania.
According to Encyclopedia Britannica, the Soviet Union during the period of Joseph Stalin's rule was a "modern example" of a totalitarian state, being among "the first examples of decentralized or popular totalitarianism, in which the state achieved overwhelming popular support for its leadership."
Starting with the mid-1960s, a counterculture developed in Romania among the Romanian youth and students. While this culture shared the aesthetics of the Western Counterculture of the 1960s (for instance hippie fashion or rock and roll) and its anti-authoritarianism, from an ideological point of view, it wasn't integrated in the worldwide countercultural movement. [1]
Nevertheless, the Romanian economy witnessed the first years of growth after the 1989 revolution. The government also started several projects for social housing, restarted the construction of the motorway connecting Bucharest to Romania's main port, Constanţa, and began the construction of a motorway across the western region of Transylvania.