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In placental mammals, the umbilical cord (also called the navel string, [1] birth cord or funiculus umbilicalis) is a conduit between the developing embryo or fetus and the placenta. During prenatal development , the umbilical cord is physiologically and genetically part of the fetus and (in humans) normally contains two arteries (the umbilical ...
In humans, the circulatory system is different before and after birth. The fetal circulation is composed of the placenta, umbilical blood vessels encapsulated by the umbilical cord, heart and systemic blood vessels.
A funiculus or column is a small bundle of axons (nerve fibres), enclosed by the perineurium. In the central nervous system, a funiculus is one of the paired white matter regions of the spinal cord: the anterior funiculus, the lateral funiculus, and the posterior funiculus. In the fourth ventricle, the funiculus separans is a strip of ependyma.
Wharton's jelly (substantia gelatinea funiculi umbilicalis) is a gelatinous substance within the umbilical cord, [1] largely made up of mucopolysaccharides (hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate). It acts as a mucous connective tissue containing some fibroblasts and macrophages, and is derived from extra-embryonic mesoderm of the connecting ...
Mammalian placentas can be classified based on the number of tissues separating the maternal from the fetal blood. These include: endotheliochorial placentation In this type of placentation, the chorionic villi are in contact with the endothelium of maternal blood vessels. (e.g. in most carnivores like cats and dogs) epitheliochorial placentation
A catheter may be inserted into one of the umbilical arteries of critically ill babies for drawing blood for testing. [6] This is a common procedure in neonatal intensive care, and can often be performed until 2 weeks after birth (when the arteries start to decay too much). [7]
In human anatomy, the median umbilical ligament is an unpaired midline ligamentous structure upon the lower inner surface of the anterior abdominal wall. [1] It is covered by the median umbilical fold.
Placental mammals (infraclass Placentalia / p l æ s ə n ˈ t eɪ l i ə /) are one of the three extant subdivisions of the class Mammalia, the other two being Monotremata and Marsupialia.