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Irradiation is the process by which an object is exposed to radiation. An irradiator is a device used to expose an object to radiation, notably gamma radiation , for a variety of purposes. [ 1 ]
Hindustani, also known as Hindi-Urdu, like all Indo-Aryan languages, has a core base of Sanskrit-derived vocabulary, which it gained through Prakrit. [1] As such the standardized registers of the Hindustani language (Hindi-Urdu) share a common vocabulary, especially on the colloquial level. [ 2 ]
from Hindi पश्मीना, Urdu پشمينه, ultimately from Persian پشمينه. Punch from Hindi and Urdu panch پانچ, meaning "five". The drink was originally made with five ingredients: alcohol, sugar, lemon, water, and tea or spices. [15] [16] The original drink was named paantsch. Pundit
The portmanteau of the words 'Chus' and 'Muslim,' derived from 'chus' or 'chusna' (meaning 'to suck' in Hindi/Urdu), often used in internet forums and social media to mock or insult Indian Muslims. [75] Jihadi India: Muslims, especially fundamentalist Jihadists: Derives from jihad. [76] Kadrun: Indonesia: Islamic fundamentalism and reactionaries.
Radiation chemistry is a subdivision of nuclear chemistry which studies the chemical effects of ionizing radiation on matter. This is quite different from radiochemistry, as no radioactivity needs to be present in the material which is being chemically changed by the radiation.
Photoexcitation is the first step in a photochemical process where the reactant is elevated to a state of higher energy, an excited state.The first law of photochemistry, known as the Grotthuss–Draper law (for chemists Theodor Grotthuss and John W. Draper), states that light must be absorbed by a chemical substance in order for a photochemical reaction to take place.
The types of radiation that can alter structural materials are neutron radiation, ion beams, electrons (beta particles), and gamma rays.All of these forms of radiation have the capability to displace atoms from their lattice sites, which is the fundamental process that drives the changes in structural metals.
Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than visible light, used in various applications including thermal imaging and communication.