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Chlorination of benzene under electrophilic aromatic substitution conditions (Cl 2 /FeCl 3 or Cl 2 /AlCl 3) produces chlorobenzene. Since mono chloro-de-hydrogenation deactivates the molecule against further electrophilic reactions, the reaction can be halted at one chlorine atom substitution. Electrophilic chlorination: C 6 H 6 + Cl 2 → C 6 ...
C 6 H 5 CHCl 2 + Cl 2 → C 6 H 5 CCl 3 + HCl. Benzylic halides are typically strong alkylating agents, and for this reason benzal chloride is treated as a hazardous compound. Treatment of benzal chloride with sodium gives stilbene. Most benzal chloride main industrial use is as a precursor to benzaldehyde. This conversion involves hydrolysis ...
A few types of aromatic compounds, such as phenol, will react without a catalyst, but for typical benzene derivatives with less reactive substrates, a Lewis acid is required as a catalyst. Typical Lewis acid catalysts include AlCl 3, FeCl 3, FeBr 3 and ZnCl 2. These work by forming a highly electrophilic complex which is attacked by the benzene ...
2 Al + 3 Cl 2 → 2 AlCl 3 2 Al + 6 HCl → 2 AlCl 3 + 3 H 2. Aluminium chloride may be formed via a single displacement reaction between copper(II) chloride and aluminium. 2 Al + 3 CuCl 2 → 2 AlCl 3 + 3 Cu. In the US in 1993, approximately 21,000 tons were produced, not counting the amounts consumed in the production of aluminium. [7]
c 6 h 5 ccl 3 + h 2 o → c 6 h 5 c(o)cl + 2 hcl [5] C 6 H 5 CCl 3 + 3 KF → C 6 H 5 CF 3 + 3 KCl [ 6 ] These compounds are further used to synthesize chemicals needed in the pharmaceutical industry ( benzoyl peroxide ), the synthesis of pesticides, dyes and UV-absorbing compounds which are often used in paint and plastics to prevent ...
Benzyl chloride is prepared industrially by the gas-phase photochemical reaction of toluene with chlorine: [3] C 6 H 5 CH 3 + Cl 2 → C 6 H 5 CH 2 Cl + HCl. In this way, approximately 100,000 tonnes are produced annually. The reaction proceeds by the free radical process, involving the intermediacy of free chlorine atoms. [4]
Chlorobenzene (abbreviated PhCl) is an aryl chloride and the simplest of the chlorobenzenes, consisting of a benzene ring substituted with one chlorine atom. Its chemical formula is C 6 H 5 Cl. This colorless, flammable liquid is a common solvent and a widely used intermediate in the manufacture of other chemicals.
Hexachlorobenzene, or perchlorobenzene, is an aryl chloride and a six-substituted chlorobenzene with the molecular formula C 6 Cl 6. It is a fungicide formerly used as a seed treatment, especially on wheat to control the fungal disease bunt. Its use has been banned globally under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. [6]