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  2. Foramen magnum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foramen_magnum

    The foramen magnum is a very important feature in bipedal mammals. One of the attributes of a biped's foramen magnum is a forward shift of the anterior border of the cerebellar tentorium; this is caused by the shortening of the cranial base. Studies on the foramen magnum position have shown a connection to the functional influences of both ...

  3. Human skeletal changes due to bipedalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skeletal_changes_due...

    The foramen magnum is located inferiorly under the skull, which puts much of the weight of the head behind the spine. The flat human face helps to maintain balance on the occipital condyles . Because of this, the erect position of the head is possible without the prominent supraorbital ridges and the strong muscular attachments found in, for ...

  4. Optic canal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_canal

    The superior surface of the sphenoid bone is bounded behind by a ridge, which forms the anterior border of a narrow, transverse groove, the chiasmatic groove (optic groove), above and behind which lies the optic chiasma; the groove ends on either side in the optic foramen, which transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery (with accompanying ...

  5. Posterior cranial fossa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_cranial_fossa

    The posterior cranial fossa is the part of the cranial cavity located between the foramen magnum, and tentorium cerebelli. It is formed by the sphenoid bones, temporal bones, and occipital bone. It lodges the cerebellum, and parts of the brainstem.

  6. Taung Child - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taung_Child

    The forehead of the chimpanzee receded to form a heavy browridge and a jutting jaw; the Taung Child's forehead recedes but leaves no browridge. Its foramen magnum, a void in the cranium, where the spinal cord is continuous with the brain, is beneath the cranium so the creature must have stood upright. [33] This is an indication of bipedal ...

  7. Occipital bone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occipital_bone

    The foramen magnum (Latin: large hole) is a large oval foramen longest front to back; it is wider behind than in front where it is encroached upon by the occipital condyles. The clivus, a smooth bony section, travels upwards on the front surface of the foramen, and the median internal occipital crest travels behind it. [3]

  8. Skull - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skull

    In zoology, the openings in the skull are called fenestrae, the most prominent of which is the foramen magnum, where the brainstem goes through to join the spinal cord. In human anatomy , the neurocranium (or braincase), is further divided into the calvarium and the endocranium , together forming a cranial cavity that houses the brain.

  9. Brow ridge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brow_ridge

    The brow ridges are often not well expressed in human females, as pictured above in a female skull, and are most easily seen in profile. The brow ridge, or supraorbital ridge known as superciliary arch in medicine, is a bony ridge located above the eye sockets of all primates and some other animals.