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The sea surface skin temperature (SST skin), or ocean skin temperature, is the temperature of the sea surface as determined through its infrared spectrum (3.7–12 μm) and represents the temperature of the sublayer of water at a depth of 10–20 μm. [1]
Weather satellites have been available to infer sea surface temperature (SST) information since 1967, with the first global composites occurring during 1970. [10] Since 1982, [ 11 ] satellites have been increasingly utilized to measure SST and have allowed its spatial and temporal variation to be viewed more fully.
A wet-bulb temperature at 500 hPa in a tropical atmosphere of −13.2 °C (8.2 °F) is required to initiate convection if the water temperature is 26.5 °C (79.7 °F), and this temperature requirement increases or decreases proportionally by 1 °C in the sea surface temperature for each 1 °C change at 500 hpa.
The radiation captured by the sensor is corrected for atmospheric disturbance and radiation noise to compute the brightness temperature of the ocean surface. With a correct estimation of the emissivity of sea water (~0.99) the grey body temperature of the ocean surface can be deduced, also referred to as the Sea Surface Temperature (SST).
The increase of both ocean surface temperature and deeper ocean temperature is an important effect of climate change on oceans. [11] Deep ocean water is the name for cold, salty water found deep below the surface of Earth's oceans. Deep ocean water makes up about 90% of the volume of the oceans. Deep ocean water has a very uniform temperature ...
improved capability for ocean color observations in coastal and turbid waters; improved interpretation of sea-ice data from satellites; satellite measurement of salinity; Observing system evaluation and design, including improvements in air-sea flux parameterizations. Improvements in ocean platforms, including increased capabilities for Argo floats
This year’s summer of record-breaking, extreme heat set another milestone Monday when a buoy in Manatee Bay just off the coast southwestern Florida registered an ocean temperature of 101.1 ...
The depth of the water column that a satellite surface salinity measurement is sensitive to depends on the frequency (or wavelength) of the radiance that is being measured. For instance, the optical depth for seawater at the 1.413 GHz microwave frequency, used for the Aquarius mission, is about 1–2 cm. [ 1 ]