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The gathering at the Orchid Pavilion is also famous for the artistry of the calligraphy of Wang Xizhi, [2] who was both one of the participants as well as the author and calligrapher of the Lantingji Xu (Preface to the Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion). Sun Chuo also wrote a preface, which is somewhat less famous. [3]
The two men had personally feuded for many years. Wang Shu subsequently opened an investigation into Kuaiji's finances, alleging that Wang Xizhi had mishandled the collection of taxes in the region. [43] Resolving to leave his position rather than continue working under his new superior, Wang Xizhi retired, citing ill health. [44]
The Lantingji Xu (traditional Chinese: 蘭亭集序; simplified Chinese: 兰亭集序; pinyin: Lántíngjí Xù; lit. 'Preface to the Poems Collected from the Orchid Pavilion'), or Lanting Xu ("Orchid Pavilion Preface"), is a piece of Chinese calligraphy work generally considered to be written by the well-known calligrapher Wang Xizhi (303–361) from the Eastern Jin dynasty (317–420).
Part of a Song Dynasty stone rubbing of Wang Xizhi's manuscript of the Yellow Court Classic. The Yellow Court Classic (simplified Chinese: 黄庭经; pinyin: Huángtíng-jīng), a Chinese Daoist meditation text, [1] was received from an unknown source by Wei Huacun, one of the founders of the Shangqing School (Chinese: 上清), in 288 CE.
To commemorate this day, the calligrapher Wang Xizhi wrote an introduction to the poems collected on the Jade Mountain carving. [1] Wang was particularly renowned for his cursive script and was also a highly esteemed scholar of the time. According to the Minneapolis catalog, 41 scholars along with Wang went to this festival.
The Yongle Emperor (reigned 1402–1424) was particularly fond of it and even designated the style of the two Wangs (Wang Xizhi and his son Wang Xianzhi from the 4th century) as the official script. His successor, the Hongxi Emperor , was renowned for his calligraphy skills and was often compared to the Tang Emperor Taizong (reigned 626–649).
Scholar-official as a concept and social class first appeared during the Warring States period; before that, the Shi and Da Fu were two different classes.During the Western Zhou dynasty, the Duke of Zhou divided the social classes into the king, feudal lords, Da Fu, Shi, ordinary people, and slaves.
Wei Shuo, as painted by Gai Qi, 1799 An 18th century drawing of Wei Shuo. Wei Shuo (simplified Chinese: 卫铄; traditional Chinese: 衛鑠; pinyin: Wèi Shuò, 272–349 CE), courtesy name Mouyi (茂猗), sobriquet He'nan (和南), commonly addressed just as Lady Wei (衛夫人), who lived during the Eastern Jin, was one of the most famous of all Chinese calligraphers in history.